Definitions
Any solid mass of mineral or mineral like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet
What is a rock?
Molten material that forms beneath the Earth's surface
What is Magma?
This consists mainly of weathered rock debris
What is sediment?
The two characteristics do we use to classify igneous rocks
What are texture and composition?
Name an igneous rock that is made up of all olivine
What is Dunite?
What characteristics of non sedimentary rocks would provide the least amount of evidence about the environment in which it was formed?
What is color?
When sediments are compacted and cemented, this type of rock is formed.
What is sedimentary?
Name the four agents of erosion
What are wind, water, ice, gravity?
The difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks
Intrusive rocks are formed below the Earth's surface. Extrusive rocks are formed on Earth's surface.
What mineral has cleavage in 4 directions, is colorless, and is soft
What is Fluorite?
Naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite structure and composition where atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern
What is a mineral?
This type of rock is formed when lava cools and solidifies
What are igneous rocks?
Describe the difference between chemical and physical weathering
Physical weathering breaks the rock into smaller pieces.
Chemical weathering changes the composition of the rock
These rocks form when existing rocks are changed by heat and pressure
What are metamorphic rocks?
Explain the difference between vesicular basalt and basalt
One contain air pockets, one does not
The shine of an unweathered mineral or the way it looks in reflected light
What is luster?
The difference between lava and magma
Lava reaches the Earth's surface
Describe the difference between compaction and cementation
Compaction is the process that squeezes the sediment. Cementation takes place when dissolved materials are deposited in the tiny spaces among sediments.
Describe the relationship between the size crystals and cooling time
The longer the cooling time, the larger the crystal that forms the rock
List three factors that would help you determine if a mineral is Galena
What is exhibits cubic cleavage, metallic, and hardness of 2.5
The formula for density
Density equals mass divided by volume
Any type of rock that is changed by heat or pressure
What are metamorphic rocks?
Define Deposition
When an agent of erosion loses energy and drops sediments.
A metamorphic rock that gives the rock a layered or banded appearance
What is foliated?
What are two textures of metamorphic rocks? Give an example of each.
Foliated (schist) and non-foliated (marble)