YOUNG INDIA IAS

GEO

100

Consider the following statements

1. Western Coast witness higher quantity of rainfall than eastern coast
2. Brahmaputra valley gets more rainfall than the sub himalayan region of north east.. Which of the above is/are correct

•  A.    1 only
•  B.    2 only
•  C.    Both
•  D.    None

Correct    

Answer – a

 

The highest rainfall occurs along the west coast, on the Western Ghats, as well as in the sub Himalayan areas is the northeast and the hills of Meghalaya. Here the rainfall exceeds 200 cm. In some parts of Khasi and Jaintia hills, the rainfall exceeds 1,000 cm. In the Brahmaputra valley and the adjoining hills, the rainfall is less then 200 cm.

200

Arrange the following in ascending order of the annual rainfall they receive

1. Manipur
2. Meghalaya
3. Western UP.

• A.    1-3-2
•  B.    2-1-3
•  C.    1-2-3
•  D.    3-1-2

Answer – d

 

• Rainfall between 100-200 cm is received in the southern parts of Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, northeastern Peninsula covering Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh, northern Ganga plain along the sub-Himalayas and the Cachar Valley and Manipur.
• Western Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat and Deccan Plateau receive rainfall between 50-100 cm

300

Winter in India is influenced by winds from

1. Central Asia
2. West Asia

 Select the right code

•  A.    1 only
•  B.    2 only
•  C.    Both
•  D.    None

Answer – c

• In winter months, the weather conditions over India are generally influenced by the distribution of pressure in Central and Western Asia.
• A high pressure centre in the region lying to the north of the Himalayas develops during winter attracts winds from the Central Asia.
• Jet stream from the west Asia also influence the winter.

400

Surface winds from Central Asia meets trade winds in Indian subcontinent at

•  A.    Just south of Himalayas
•  B.    Central India around Narmada valley
•  C.    Gangetic valley
•  D.    The position is not stable

Answer – d

In winter, the surface winds blowing out of the high pressure centre over Central Asia reach India in the form of a dry continental air mass. These continental winds come in contact with tradewinds over northwestern India. The position of this contact zone is not, however, stable.

Occasionally, it may shift its position as far east as the middle Ganga valley with the result that

the whole of the northwestern and northern India up to the middle Ganga valley comes under the influence of dry northwestern winds.

500

5. Question

Consider the following about jet stream in northern India

1. It blows in winter season
2. It is a part of jet stream which blows over the Asian continent
3. Its mean position is around 25 degree North of latitude

 Select the right code

•  A.    1 only
•  B.    2 and 3
•  C.    1 and 3
•  D.    All of them

Answer – D

• All of Western and Central Asia remains under the influence of westerly winds along the altitude of 9-13 km from west to east. These winds blow across the Asian continent at latitudes north of the Himalayas roughly parallel to the Tibetan highlands. These are known as jet streams. Tibetan highlands act as a barrier in the path of these jet streams. As a result, jet streams get bifurcated.
• One of its branches blows to the north of the Tibetan highlands, while the southern branch blows in an eastward direction, south of the Himalayas. It has its mean position at 25°N in February at 200-300 mb level.
• It is believed that this southern branch of the jet stream exercises an important influence on the winter weather in India

 

Economics

100

 Question

Consider the following statements

1. Industrial Policy of 1956 introduced licensing permit raj
2. Industrial Policy of 1969 included Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Act

 Which of the above is/are correct

•  A.    1 only
•  B.    2 only
•  C.    Both
•  D.    None

Correct    

Answer – c

 

• A clear-cut classification of industries (also known as the Reservation of Industries) were affected with three schedules: Schedule A, B and C. All the schedule B industries and a number of schedule C industries came under this proivision. This provision established the so-called ‘Licence-Quota-Permit’ regime (raj) in the economy.
• A powerful industrial house was always able to procure fresh licences at the cost of a new budding entrepreneur. The price regulation policy via licencing was aimed at helping the public by providing cheaper goods, but it indirectly served the private licenced industries ultimately (as central subsidies were given to the private companies from where it was to benefit the poor in the form of cheaper goods). Similarly, the older and wellestablished industrial houses were capable of creating hurdles for the newer ones with the help of different kinds of trade practices forcing the latter to agree for sell-outs and takeovers. Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Act was passed. The Act intended to regulate the trading and commercial practices of the firms and checking monopoly and concentration of economic power

200

Which of the following is/are true

1. Infrastructure industries got a separate status in Industrial Policy Resolution of 1973
2. Foreign investment was allowed in 1973 policy which was revoked in 1977 policy

 Select the right code

•  A.    1 only
•  B.    2 only
•  C.    Both
•  D.    None

Answer – c

• Industrial Policy 1973 – A new classificatory term i.e., core industries was created. The industries which were of fundamental importance for the development of industries were put in this category such as iron and steel, cement, coal, crude oil, oil refining and electricity. In the future, these industries came to be known as basic industries, infrastructure industries in the country.
• A limited permission to foreign investment was given, with the

multinational corporations (MNCs) being allowed to set up subsidiaries in the country in 1973 policy.  In 1977 policy, Foreign investment in the unnecessary areas were prohibited (opposite to the IPS of 1973 which promoted foreign investment via technology transfer in the areas of lack of capital or technology). In practice, there was a complete ‘no’ to foreign investment.

300

District Industries Centres were set up to promote decentralised industrialisation. Under which Industrial Policy Resolution, they were set up

•  A.    1977
•  B.    1980
•  C.    1991
•  D.    1956

Answer – a

• Industrial Policy Statement of 1977 was chalked out by a different political set up from the past with a different political fervour—the dominant voice in the government was having an anti-Indira stance with an inclination towards the Gandhian-socialistic views towards the economy.
• Decentralised industrialisation was given attention with the objective of linking the masses to the process of industrialisation. The District Industries Centres (DICs) were set to promote the expansion of small and cottage industries at a mass scale

400

Technology missions for the agriculture aiming for scientific farming were introduced by

•  A.    Industrial Policy Resolution of 1985
•  B.    Environment Protection Act 1986
•  C.    Both a and b
•  D.    None of the above

Answer – a

The agriculture sector was attended with a new scientific approach with many technology missions being launched by the government through Industrial Policy of 1985.

500

In context of industrial policy of India, what did the phrase “MRTP limit of Rs. 100 crore” mean

•  A.    Rs. 100 crore was the fee to be paid to the government for availing licence of the particular industry
•  B.    A company with annual turnover of Rs. 100 crore only can initiate a new project
•  C.    A company with assets worth Rs. 100 crore must take permission from Government of India for expansion and takeover of other firms.
•  D.    None of the above

The firms with assets of Rs. 25 crore or more were put under obligation of taking permission from the Government of India before any expansion, greenfield venture and takeover of other firms (as per the MRTP Act). Such firms came to be known as the ‘MRTP Companies’. The upper limit (known as the ‘MRTP limit’) for such companies was revised upward to Rs. 50 crore in 1980 and Rs. 100 crore in 1985.

POLITY

100

With respect to Right to property, consider the following

1. It can be regulated only after passing a constitutional amendment
2. It is protected against executive action

 Select the right code

•  A.    1 only
•  B.    2 only
•  C.    Both
•  D.    None

Answer – d

As Right to Property is only a legal right enshrined in the constitution after 44th Constitutional Amendment, the following implications are available

• It can be regulated ie, curtailed, abridged or modified without constitutional amendment by an ordinary law of the Parliament.
• It protects private property against executive action but not against legislative action.
• In case of violation, the aggrieved person cannot directly move the Supreme Court under Article 32 (right to constitutional remedies including writs) for its enforcement. He can move the High Court under Article 226.
• No guaranteed right to compensation in case of acquisition or requisition of the private property by the state.

200

Which of the following are true

1. Acquisition of minority educational institution by the state should be accompanied with compensation
2. Land of a person personally cultivated by him and within ceiling limits cannot be taken away by the state without compensation

 Select the right code

•  a)    1 only
•  B.    2 only
•  C.    Both
•  D.    None

Answer – c

 

Though the Fundamental Right to Property under Part III has been abolished, the Part III still carries two provisions which provide for the guaranteed right to compensation in case of acquisition or requisition of the private property by the state. These two cases where compensation has to be paid are:

(a) When the State acquires the property of a minority educational institution (Article 30); and

(b) When the State acquires the land held by a person under his personal cultivation and the land is within the statutory ceiling limits (Article 31 A).

 

The first provision was added by the 44th Amendment Act (1978), while the second provision was added by the 17th Amendment Act (1964)

300

Consider the following statements

1. State legislatures cannot make laws to effect Fundamental Rights at all
2. Parliament can make laws to effect Fundamental Rights even if the matter falls under State List

 Select the right code

•  a)    1 only
•  b)    2 only
•  c)    Both 1 and 2
•  d)    Neither 1 nor 2

Answer – C

 

• Article 35 lays down that the power to make laws, to give effect to certain specified fundamental rights shall vest only in the Parliament and not in the state legislatures. This provision ensures that there is uniformity throughout India with regard to the nature of those fundamental rights and punishment for their infringement.
• Article 35 extends the competence of the Parliament to make a law on the matters specified above, even though some of those matters may fall within the sphere of the state legislatures (i.e., State List).

400

Consider the following with respect to Martial Law and National Emergency

1. None can be imposed except in cases of armed rebellion or war
2. The governance remain suspended in case of martial law unlike in case of emergency

 Which of the above is/are correct

•  A.    1 only
•  B.    2 only
•  C.    Both
•  D.    None

Answer – b

500

Article 33 restrict the rights of members of armed forces. In this context, which of the following are not covered by Article 33

1. Non combatants in the army like carpenters, barbers etc
2. Members of Border Security Force
3. State Police

 Select the right code

•  A.    All of them
•  B.    None of them
•  C.    3 only
•  D.    1 only

Answer – B

• Article 33 empowers the Parliament to restrict or abrogate the fundamental rights of the members of armed forces, para-military forces, police forces, intelligence agencies and analogous forces.
• Parliament has enacted the Army Act (1950), the Navy Act (1950), the Air Force Act (1950), the Police Forces (Restriction of Rights) Act, 1966, the Border Security Force Act and so on. These impose restrictions on their freedom of speech, right to form associations, right to be members of trade unions or political associations, right to communicate with the press, right to attend public meetings or demonstrations, etc.
• The expression ‘members of the armed forces’ also covers such employees of the armed forces as barbers, carpenters, mechanics, cooks, chowkidars, bootmakers, tailors who are non-combatants.

CULTURE

100

Consider the following statements

1. The use of stone significantly began from the times of Ashoka only
2. The palace of Ashoka in Rajgir is still in place

 Which of the above is correct

•  a)    1 only
•  b)    2 only
•  c)    Both 1 and 2
•  d)    Neither 1 nor 2

Answer – a

The monuments before the period of Asoka were mostly made of wood and therefore perished. The use of stone started from the time of Asoka. Even of the numerous monuments of Asoka, only a few have remained. His palace and monasteries and most of his stupas have disappeared.

200

Ashokan pillars are found at

1. Rummindai
2. Delhi
3. Kolkatta
4. Allahabad

 Select the right code

•  a.    1 only
•  b.    4 only
•  c.    1, 2 and 4
•  d.    All of them

Answer – c

Asokan pillars with inscriptions were found in places like Delhi, Allahabad, Rummindai, Sanchi and Saranath. Their tops were crowned with figures of animals like lion, elephant and bull. The Saranath pillar with four lions standing back to back is the most magnificent. The Indian government adopted this capital with some modifications as its state emblem

300

Which of the following animals do not adorn Ashokan pillars

1. Bull
2. Elephant
3. Horse
4. Dog

•  a.    1 and 2
•  b.    2 and 4
•  c.    4 only
•  d.    None of them

Answer – c

The tops of the Ashokan pillars were crowned with figures of animals like lion, elephant and bull. Ashokan pillar at Sarnath is in the picture.

400

Which of the following literature were written during the time of Mauryan empire

1. Mudrarakshasa
2. Arthsashtra
3. Indica

 Select the right code

•  a.    2 and 3
•  b.    1 and 2
•  c.    1 and 3
•  d.    All of them

Answer – a

• Mudrarakshasa written by Visakadatta is a drama in Sanskrit. Although written during the Gupta period, it describes how Chandragupta with the assistance of Kautilya overthrew the Nandas
• Arthsashtra was written in Sanskrit by Kautilya, a contemporary of Chandragupta Maurya.
• Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. His book Indica has survived only in fragments. Yet, his account gives details about the Mauryan administration, particularly the administration of the capital city of Pataliputra and also the military organization.

500

Edicts of Ashoka were

1. Deciphered by James Princep
2. Written mostly in Prakrit
3. VII Rock Edict provides the details of how Ashoka spread dhamma

 Select the right code

•  a.    1 only
•  b.    2 and 3
•  c.    1 and 3
•  d.    All of them

Answer – c

• The inscriptions of Asoka were first deciphered by James Princep in 1837. They are written in Pali language and in splaces Prakrit was used. The Brahmi script was employed for writing. In the northwestern India Asokan inscriptions were found in Karoshti script. There are fourteen Major Rock Edicts. The two Kalinga Edicts are found in the newly conquered territory. The major pillar Edicts were erected in important cities.
• The XIII Rock Edict gives details about his war with Kalinga. The Pillar Edict VII gives a summary of his efforts to promote the Dhamma within his kingdom.

HISTORY

100

1. Question

Who among the following leader were harbingers of leftist politics in pre independence India

1. MN Roy
2. Subhas Chandra Bose
3. Sardar Patel

 Select the right code

•  a.    1 and 2
•  b.    1 only
•  c.    2 and 3
•  d.    All of them

Answer – a

• MN Roy was even instrumental in forming the Communist International in Soviet Union to integrate anti-colonial struggles across the world. However he got deranged with Communist politics in Soviet and even Karl Marx later, and he envisaged decentralised polity.
• Bose was hugely influenced by leftist politics as Nehru was.
• Sardar Patel was a conservative, or say “right wing” politician whose ideology revolved around Gandhiji also who was amalgamation of many ideas.

200

In the after math of Non Cooperation movement, following journals were brought out. Match them with by whom they were founded

1. The Socialist – SA Dange
2. Gandhi and Lenin – Lala Lajpat Rai
3. Labour-Kisan Gazette – Singaravelu

 Which of the above is/are true

•  a.    1 and 2
•  b.    2 and 3
•  c.    1 and 3
•  d.    All of them

Answer – c

• Socialist ideas now began to spread rapidly especially because many young persons who had participated actively in the NonCooperation Movement were unhappy with its outcome and were dissatisfied with Gandhian policies and ideas as well as the alternative Swarajist Several socialist and communist groups came into existence all over the country.
• In Bombay, S.A. Dange published a pamphlet Gandhi and Lenin and started the first socialist weekly, The Socialist; in Bengal, Muzaffar Ahmed brought out Navayug and later founded the Langal in cooperation with the poet Nazrul Islam; in Punjab, Ghulam Hussain and others published Inquilab; and in Madras, M. Singaravelu founded the Labour-Kisan Gazette

300

Which of the following is/are true

1. Both Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Bose got elected President of Congress twice consecutively
2. Motilal Nehru attended International Congress against Colonial Oppression and Imperialism in 1927 on behalf of Congress

 

Select the right code

•  a.    1 only
•  b.    2 only
•  c.    Both
•  d.    None

Answer – a

 

• Within the Congress the left-wing tendency found reflection in the election of Jawaharlal Nehru as president for 1936 and 1937 and of Subhas Bose for 1938 and 1939 and in the formation of the Congress Socialist Party
• Nehru developed an interest in economic questions when he came in touch with the peasant movement in eastern U.P. in 1920-21. He then used his enforced leisure in jail, during 1922-23, to read widely on the history of the Russian and other revolutions. In 1927, he attended the International Congress against Colonial Oppression and Imperialism, held at Brussels, and came into contact with communists and anti colonial fighters from all over the world. By now he had begun to accept Marxism in its broad contours.

400

Independence of India League was set up by

•  a.    Jawaharlal Nehru
•  b.    Mohammad Ali Jinnah
•  c.    Mahatma Gandhi
•  d.    None of the above

Answer – a

In 1928, Jawaharlal joined hands with Subhas to organize the Independence for India League to fight for complete independence and ‘a socialist revision of the economic structure of society.’

500

Who among the following are associated with Labour-Swaraj Party

1. Nazrul Islam
2. Hemanta Kumar Sarkar
3. Muzzafar Ahmad

 Select the right code

•  a.    1 only
•  b.    2 only
•  c.    1 and 2
•  d.    All of them

Answer – c

The main form of political work by the early Communists was to organize peasants’ and workers’ parties and work through them. The first such organization was the Labour-Swaraj Party of the Indian National Congress organized by Muzaffar Ahmed, Qazi Nazrul Islam, Hemanta Kumar Sarkar, and others in Bengal in November 1925.