Glaucoma types I
Glaucoma types II
Epidemiology
Glaucoma Genes
Aqueous humor
100
Optic nerve head appearance or visual field suggestive of glaucoma regardless of IOP
Glaucoma suspect
100
Elevated IOP in the absence of optic nerve, RNFL, or visual field abnormalities
Ocular hypertension
100
Glaucoma represents the ______ leading cause of blindness worldwide.
Second
100
LOXL1
PXE
100
What is the rate of aqueous humor production?
2-3uL/min
200
Not associated with known ocular or systemic disorders that cause increased resistance to aqueous outflow or damage to optic nerve; usually associated with elevated IOP
Primary open angle glaucoma
200
IOP elevation caused by variable portions of anterior chamber angle being permanently closed by PAS
Chronic angle closure
200
The likelihood of blindness due to POAG is ____ times higher among blacks than it is among whites.
15
200
FOXC1/PITX2
Axenfeld Rieger syndrome
200
How many ciliary processes are present in the human eye?
How many trabecular cells are present in the human eye?
80
200,000 - 300,000
300
A patient has undergone successful treatment for a narrow angle but continues to demonstrate reduced outflow facility and elevated IOP in the absence of peripheral anterior synechiae
Combined mechanism glaucoma
300
An anatomical variation in the iris root in which narrowing of the angle occurs independent of pupillary block
Plateau iris
300
The prevalence of PACG amongst Inuits is ____ to ____ times higher than whites
20 to 40
300
CYP1B1
Congenital glaucoma
300
Relative to plasma, what components does aqueous have in excess and in deficit?
Excess: H, Cl, ascorbate
Deficit: Bicarbonate, protein
400
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome
400
Pigment dispersion syndrome
400
Shallow anterior chamber depth seen in ___opic eyes may predispose the development of PACG.
Hyperopic
400
TIGR/MYOC
JOAG, adult POAG
400
Write the pathway of fluid through the trabecular meshwork to the brain
What is the diameter of Schlemm canal?
Uveal TM --> corneoscleral TM --> juxtacanalicular TM --> Schlemm canal --> episcleral veins --> anterior ciliary vein --> superior ophthalmic vein --> cavernous sinus
200-300um
500
Pupillary block occurs as a result of a mechanism other than the anatomical configuration of the anterior segment
Secondary angle closure with pupillary block
500
Elevated IOP with a shallow or flat anterior chamber in an eye with a patent peripheral iridotomy.
Malignant glaucoma
500
The estimated prevalence of POAG in indivisuals older than 40 years is ___%. The incidence of POAG in predominantly black populations over 40 according to the Barbados Eye Study is ___%
1.86, 2.2
500
OPTN
Normal tension glaucoma
500
Write the Goldmann equation.
DAILY DOUBLE
What do each of the variables mean.
Po = (F-U)/C+Pv
Po = IOP
F = rate of aqueous formation in uL/min
C = facility of outflow through TM in uL/min/mmHg
Pv = episcleral venous pressure in mmHg