F
One of this UTI drug's adverse effects is Achilles tendon rupture, and is therefore contraindicated for patients <18 years old.
ciprofloxacin
This drug is one of three essential for RBC production, and is often given for prevention of neural tube defects in women of childbearing age
folic acid
T or F: most bacteria-fighting drugs have GI effects, require the completion of the entire course of therapy, and require several forms of birth control?
True
What does ganciclovir treat?
cytomegalovirus.
Its adverse effect is suppressed bone marrow, and it is contraindicated with a neutrophil count <500 or platelets <25,000
We learned about 1 antiprotozoal drug...what is it?
metronidazole. Its adverse effects are urine darkening, and neurotoxicity w/ CNS effects, and it's contraindicated with blood dyscrasias, active CNS disorders, 1st trimester pregnancy, and lactation.
What does acyclovir treat?
Acyclovir: herpes simplex, varicella zoster viruses among others
This UTI drug has adverse effects of blood dyscrasias and peripheral neuropathy, and turns urine rust-yellow to brown
nitrofurantoin
What are amphotericin B and ketoconazole?
Antifungals used to treat fungal infections i.e. candidiasis/oral thrush, ringworm
What are the 2 drugs used to treat tuberculosis, usually together?
isoniazid and rifampin
both are taken long-term because TB is a slow-growing pathogen
Ferrous sulfate is an iron supplement to Rx iron-deficiency anemia. Its adverse effects include teeth staining with liquid form, skin staining with IM form, and dark green-to-black stool. What are considerations/education about the adverse effects?
Teeth staining: dilute with water, drink with straw, wash mouth after swallowing
IM skin staining: Z-track
Dark green-to-black stool: harmless, educate
This drug is a breast CA estrogen receptor blocker that Rxs breast cancer and carries the adverse effects of endometrial CA, hyperCa, hot flashes, and vaginal discharge/bleeding.
tamoxifen
Do monthly breast self-exams to check for changes
This drug/vitamin converts folic acid from its inactive to active form and requires intrinsic factor to absorb. It is used to treat megaloblastic anemia if it is from a deficiency in this vitamin
vitamin B12
What are the adverse effects of the UTI drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, blood dyscrasias, crystalluria, hyperkalemia.
This anticoagulant is a Factor Xa and thrombin inhibitor that is used to treat conditions such as CVA, PE, DVT, and MI. Its effectiveness is gauged via the aPTT time (1.5-2X/45-70 seconds).
heparin
2 of heparin's adverse effects are hemorrhage secondary to toxicity/OD and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. What is the antidote drug for it?
protamine sulfate
This drug is considered a LMWH used to prevent and Rx similar things to heparin. It has the same adverse effects and antidote drug, but has less oomph than heparin and subsequently doesn't require aPTT monitoring
enoxaparin/Lovenox
A patient taking warfarin/Coumadin, a vitamin K antagonist, exhibits uncontrollable bleeding. What bleeding time labs do you want to check? What drug do you anticipate will be given?
PT (18-24 seconds) and INR (2-3)
vitamin K
T or F: warfarin's full effects are achieved on first dose?
False. warfarin requires 3-5 days to reach therapeutic levels...during this time, heparin is usually given concurrently.
There are 2 antiplatelet drugs: aspirin and __________. They share most of the same adverse effects (GI effects, bleeding).
clopidogrel/Plavix
topotecan
Most of the cytotoxic CA drugs share the same adverse effects. What are they?
-myelosupression/bone marrow suppression
-N/V
-alopecia
-vesicant
-avoid during pregnancy
This drug, also called tPA, is give to dissolve clots in acute MI, PE, and ischemic CVA among others, carries the adverse effect of bleeding, and has the antidote of aminocaproic acid/Amicar
alteplase
leuprolide
This androgen-receptor blocker is used to Rx advanced prostate CA and works by blocking testosterone at receptor sites
flutamide
This CA drug is an antimetabolite that inhibits folic acid conversion and is used to Rx solid tumors. Its adverse effects are bone marrow suppresion, GI discomfort, mucositis, congenital abnorm., and renal damage. It is also used in low doses to treat rheumatoid arthritis
methotrexate