Foundations of Psychology
Psychological research & foundations
Scientific methods
Genetics and biology
The Brain
100
  • Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________.

Philosophy

100
  • A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.

Biological

100
  • Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that:

As height increases, typically weight increases

100
  • ________ refers to a person’s genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person’s physical characteristics.

Genotype; phenotype

100
  • The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.
  1. amygdala
  2. hippocampus
  3. hypothalamus
  4. thalamus

Thalamus

200
  • In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________.

Proposed explanation

200
  • Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable.

testable

200
  • Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam?
  •  Watching too much television leads to poor exam performance.
  • Smart students watch less television.
  • Viewing television interferes with a student’s ability to prepare for the upcoming exam.
  • Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams.
  • Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams.
200

epigenetics

study of gene-environment interactions, such as how the same genotype leads to different phenotypes

200
  • Which of the following is not a structure of the forebrain?
  1. thalamus
  2. hippocampus
  3. amygdala
  4. substantia nigra

substantia nigra

300
  • ________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs.

Maslow

300
  • Scientific knowledge is ________.

empirical

300
  • ________ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.

random sampling

300
  • The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.
  1. soma
  2. terminal buttons
  3. myelin sheath
  4. dendrites

dendrites

300

What is?:

area in the frontal lobe responsible for higher-level cognitive functioning

prefrontal cortex

400
  • Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems.

unconditional positive regard

400

What is: tentative and testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables

hypothesis

400
  • The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter.
  1. independent variable; dependent variable
400
  • Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.
  1. pupil dilation
  2. storage of glucose in the liver
  3. increased heart rate
  4. both A and C

both A and C

400

What is?: 

collection of structures involved in processing emotion and memory

limbic system

500
  • The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.

Skinner

500
  • The major limitation of case studies is ________.



the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

500

Causation and correlation are the same thing


T or F

FALSE!!!!!

500

What is this?:

activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, allowing access to energy reserves and heightened sensory capacity so that we might fight off a given threat or run away to safety

Flight or flight response

500

What is?:

hindbrain structure that controls our balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills, and it is thought to be important in processing some types of memory

cerebellum

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