DNA Structure
What 3 components make up DNA?
A phosphate, a base, and a deoxyribose sugar.
What is the base thymine replaced with in mRNA?
Uracil.
What type of RNA transports information from the nucleus to ribosomes?
mRNA.
What are some types of mutations?
Deletion, insertion, and substitution.
What do all cells have?
All cells have the same DNA.
What is the structure of DNA?
A double-helix or double-strand.
What 3 components make up RNA?
A phosphate, a base, and a ribose sugar.
What is the first step of protein synthesis?
Transcription.
Which type of mutation, point or frame-shift, is often more dangerous?
Frame-shift.
What type of cell sends signals through electro-chemical signals.
Nerve cells.
Where is the DNA always found?
In the nucleus.
What is the function of RNA?
To copy of DNA that goes out into the cytoplasm and tell the cell what to do.
What is process in which RNA unzips a portion of DNA, matches bases to one side of a gene in RNA, detaches from the DNA, and moves into the cytoplasm called?
Transcription.
What is a type of substitution which does not change the amino acid produced called?
Silent.
What are nucleic acids made of?
Nucleotides.
What part of DNA cannot survive in the cytoplasm?
Thymine.
What type of RNA has anti-codons?
tRNA?
What is the process in which RNA lies on the ribosome, hits the AUG(start) codon, meets with the tRNA to create amino acids, and form peptide bonds.
Translation.
Which type of mutation is this?
TAC ACC TTG GCG ACG ACT
TAC ACC TTG GAG ACG ACT
Point-mutation.
Amino acids.
What is the name of the process in which DNA is produced from an old copy to create a new one?
DNA Replication.
What makes up ribosomes?
rRNA.
What is used to determine which amino acid is being produced?
A codon chart.
What is the type of mutation produced when the stop amino acid is produces early in the gene?
Nonsense mutation.
If a person is briefly left without anything but a clear, thermally protective, spacesuit in front of the Sun for extended periods, what may occur to their DNA?
It will mutate.