Exodus
Name the five women in the opening chapters of Exodus and what they did to resist Pharaoh and assist the cause of Israel.
Shiprah and Puah - Hebrew midwives - ordered to kill Hebrew male first borns - act of civil disobedience
Mother of Moses- can’t bear to see her child die (like Hagar and Ishmael under bush)- puts him in a basket (taveh (ark) - a vessel that God provides to save
Daughter of Pharaoh - covers up Moses’s identity
Moses’s sister (presumed to be Miriam) - watches him go down the river, suggests mother to be nursemaid, reunites mother and child
Explain the Holiness Code and which chapters in Leviticus correspond to it.
The Holiness Code is a distinct block of material within the Priestly corpus. It has a distinctive style and vocabulary and have the character of a direct address by God to Israel. H attempts to integrate ethical commandments of the type found in the Decalogue and emphasized in Deuteronomy and the Prophets, with the more specific cultic and ritual laws of the Priestly tradition.
Chpts 17-26 Priestly Source:“H” = Holiness Code (independent source) (Holy living)
Name two places in the Pentateuch where the Decalogue can be found and explain the differences.
Exodus 20 and Deut 5
Deut- 5- the new decalogue, 6-11 work out what it means to have no other God before Y-h- Shema and center on fidelity to Y-h- like a preaching on the first commandment (also emphasized that the covenant was for the new generation)
Decalogue 2 is also potentially understood to be more egalitarian- the treatment of coveting another man’s wife is not as closely tied with coveting property so it is possibly less like he owns her (he “desires” another mans wife in Deuteronomy)
Which 2.5 tribes received land on the Eastern side of the Jordan.
Reubenites
Gadites
½ tribe of Manasseh
Hebrew word for “tabernacle"
a.) Hatta
b.) Qodesh
c.) Shavout
d.) Mishkan
mishkan- also means to "to tent" or to dwell
Name 1 reason why Exodus does not give the actual name of Pharaoh.
1. Not having a name universalizes the experience (lots of different pharaohs and there are people in power that oppress others even today)
2. Demnatio memoriae - if there is someone you don’t like, you don’t use his name and chisel it out
3. Historical ambiguity creates a theological opportunity - theologically framed memory of a historical event
Name the Cultic Calendar Exodus and the Cultic Calendar in Leviticus.
Exodus
Unleavened Bread
Feast of Weeks (Harvest)
Ingathering/Tabernacle (sukkoth)
Leviticus
Passover/Unleavened Bread (1st month 14th day)
Feast of Weeks/Harvest (first fruits, shavuot) 3rd month 6th day
Ingathering/Tabernacles (sukkoth)(7th month 15th day)
Trumpet (Rosh Hashanah) (7th month 1st day)
Atonement- Yom Kippur (7th month 10th day)
The greek word “deutero-nomos” means...
a.) Deuteronomy
b.) Wilderness
c.) Second-Law
c.) Second Law
Identify the 4 main steps of the judges cycle
Sin-Israel does evil
Slavery-God hands them over
Supplication-they cry out
Salvation-God sends a Judge who saves them
List the 6 characteristic parts of an ancient Near Eastern (ANE) treaty. Examples of where we see these 6 parts of ANE treaties in the Pentateuch
1. Preamble- The Suzerain identifies himself (I am the lord your God)
2. Historical prologue- outlines history of events that has led up to the treaty (how the more powerful king has saved/delivered/protected the lower king) (who brought you out of Egypt)
3. Stipulations -requirements or terms of agreements ( the vassal king recognizing no other lord was a common requirement in the covenant)(The 10 commandments (the covenant code))
4. Deposit - two copies of the covenant each king gets a copy (instructions on the placing the tablet in the ark)
5. Witness - covenants are signed before witnesses
6. Curses and blessings- They name the consequences for keeping or not keeping the treaty
List the four standard parts of a prophet’s call
Crisis
Commission
Human Reluctance
Divine Assurance
Name the 4 types of sacrificial offerings named in the book of Leviticus
Ch.1. - Whole burnt offering (Hebrew: ‘olah; Greek: holocaust); odor of the smoke pleasing to God; entire offering is consumed
Ch. 2 - Grain offering (Hebrew: qorban); not complete burnt (to turn them into smoked); you roast it; it’s for the priest to eat for dinner
Ch. 2 - Well-being offering (shelamim); not complete burnt (to turn them into smoked); you roast it; it’s for the priest to eat for dinner
Ch 4. – Sin offering (hatta’)
List the books that make up the part of the canon known as the Former Prophets.
Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings (remember 1st and 2nd Samuel and 1st and 2nd Kings are just Samuel and Kings in the TaNaK)
Which king does Judge Ehud slay and what does his name suggest about the story.
Eglon= calf- like a little fat calf, but it ALSO is saying that Eglon is like a calf that is being sacrificed by Ehud for Y-h, that his death is like a sacrifice
Compare and contrast the Mosaic covenant and the Abrahamic covenant
The Abrahamic Covenant is based on unconditional promises where God alone keeps the covenant and the promise is based solely on God’s righteousness alone. This covenant is also about election it is about the special status of Israel as the recipient of this covenant
The Mosaic Covenant- (Duet 19:5 is a prime example) ~ is primarily a conditional covenant ,it emphasis the responsibility of both parties God & People to keep the promises. The emphasis on this covenant is on ethics. One’s responsibility to live in the light of character of this covenant
Explain the differences between the 3 different traditions of numbering the 10 commandments.
Jewish: Prologue, combine no gods and no idols, divine names, sabbath, parents, murder, adultery, stealing, lying, combine neighbor wife and stuff
Reformed/Anglican/Methodist
• No prologue included
• Split gods and idols
• The rest is the same
Lutheran and Catholic • Prologue, no gods and no idols are all one commandment • Split the coveting commandment into two
Compare and contrast ritual impurity and moral impurity.
Ritual Impurity
Natural and unavoidable (childbirth, periods, touching corpse, etc)
Is contagious (by touch)
Prohibits contact with sanctuary
Goes away with time
Addressed through purification
Around things associated with birth and death
Moral Impurity
Consequence of sin
Not contagious
Does NOT prohibit contact with sanctuary
Does not go away with time
Addressed through forgiveness, atonement
Around things associated with immorality
List the three “gods” that Israel is warned about in Deuteronomy.
Gods of other nations (Deut. 7:1-5)
Plenty and Prosperity (Deut. 6:10-12)
Self Sufficiency (Deut 8:17)
Explain what the term herem means with respect to the book of Joshua.
The term herem means that everything will be consumed. It can be used to explain how even violence is considered a religious act in Joshua. This provides a priestly/sacrificial framing of the conquest. An offering was set apart for God - utterly given over by completely burning it. Not spiteful ruin of land like salting fields - instead the idea that this land belongs to God and we are returning it to him by completely burning it.
List the OT timeline that covers the period of the exodus through the end of the exile.
1250 Moses and Exodus
1250-1000 Conquest, Settlement, Judges
1000 Davidic Monarchy
922 Division of the Kingdom
722 Fall of the Northern Kingdom (Ephraim or Israel)
587 Fall of the Southern Kingdom (Judah)
539 Return from Exile
(587-539 is the exilic period)
What is the 8th point of outline of the book of Exodus with the corresponding chapters?
a.) Commandments and Convenant (ch. 30-34)
b.) Conflict at Sinai (ch. 32-34)
c.) Institution of Priesthood (ch.29)
d.) Convenant at Moab (ch.29-32)
b.) Conflict at Sinai (chs 32-34)
List the outline for the book of Leviticus.
System of Sacrifices (chs 1-7)
Institution of the Priesthood (chs 8-10)
Laws about Impurity (chs 11-15)
Day of Atonement (ch16)
Holy Living (chs 17-25)
Blessings and Curses (ch 26)
Laws about Tithes and Vows (ch 27)
Name the three main theological distinctions of the book of Deuteronomy.
1 God
1 Place
No Image
Explain the peaceful migration model, including its mechanism, associated scholars, the identity of the settlers, and various lines of evidence for it and against it.
Peaceful Migration: pastoral nomads moved West to settle in unoccupied central highlands region
Mechanism: peaceful movement of nomads into “greener” pastures
Scholars: Alt, Noth
Identity of settlers: outsiders, but not necessarily from Egypt or of uniform culture
Lines of evidence for:
Judges (sort of - ?? need more info)
new settlements rapidly emerge in 12th c. highlands - proliferation of many small unwalled villages
Lines of evidence against:
absence of destruction sites
Zero connection to Yahweh
Zero religious part of this story
Explain what the Aaronic blessing is and know where it can be found in the book of Numbers.
The Aaronic Blessing [6:24-26]-sometimes called the priestly blessing (sometimes given as a benediction in some churches) It is specifically given to Aaron and his sons to give to the people.
23. Speak to Aaron and his sons, saying, Thus you shall bless the Israelites: You shall say to them, 24. The LORD bless you and keep you; 25. The LORD make his face to shine upon you, and be gracious to you; 26. The LORD lift up his countenance upon you and give you peace.