Mitosis
What is cytokinesis?
splitting of the cell
Whats the bundle of nerves located in the septum called
bundle of his
On what chromosome does cystic fibrosis develop when a gene is mutated on that chromosome
chromosome 7
What is the outermost layer of the kidney?
[renal] cortex
What is needed for muscle contractions?
ATP & Calcium Ions(both needed for mark)
Name the genes responsible for uncontrolled cell division
Oncogenes
What valves make the dub sound?
semilunar valves closing
what type of disorder is cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive genetic disorder
How many nephrons does a normal human have? (+/- 100,000)
2,000,000
Whats the name of the space between the motor neuron and the effector muscle?
neuro-muscular junction
Where does a cell spend most of it's time?
Interphase
give any exception to when arteries carry deoxygenated blood & veins carry oxygenated blood
Placenta
If a mother has O blood type and the offspring has blood type A & B. suggest the blood type of the father
AB
what are osmoconformers?
they are organisms that regulate homeostasis via the environment
What is the role of sodium in muscle contractions?
sodium allows the for the action potential to continue throughout the muscle in order to stimulate the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium which begins the process of muscles contraction
Who discovered cyclins?
Tim Hunt
while using a sphygmomanometer, what does the 1 noise heard represent and when the noise dies down represent
1st=systolic blood pressure
when it dies down=diastolic pressure
If the mother is heterozygous and the father is homozygous recessive, what's the chance of the offspring being a carrier?
1:1(do not accept percentages)
A high performing athlete enters the emergency room feeling pain on both his flanks. has also been peeing out blood. Tests indicate high myoglobin levels in the blood. Suggest a reason for the high myoglobin levels & its effects on the kidneys.
Rhabdomyolysis(break down of muscle releasing myoglobin into the bloodstream)
Releases a toxin that damages the kidneys
Myoglobin is large and can cause renal vessels to rupture
Kidney failure
What are the layers of a muscle? (5 layers)
muscle-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofibril-myofilamint
How long does it take for a cell to complete the s phase?
5-6 hours
During a heart attack, what section on an EKG is shown to be abnormal & state the name of this condition
ST wave is elevated
STEMI(ST-elevated myocardial infarction)
How many pea crosses did Gregor Mendel construct (exact number)
5000
Explain how insects deal with nitrogenous waste
a. excreted as uric acid
b. excretion by Malpighian tubules
c. nitrogenous waste/ammonia «accumulates» in hemolymph
d. nitrogenous waste/ammonia absorbed by Malpighian tubules
e. ammonia converted to uric acid
f. conversion to uric acid requires energy/ATP
g. high solute concentration in Malpighian tubules
OR
active transport of ions/Na+/K+ into Malpighian tubules
h. water absorbed by osmosis flushes uric acid/nitrogenous waste to «hind» gut
i. water/ions reabsorbed from the feces and returned to hemolymph
j. uric acid precipitates/becomes solid/forms a paste so can pass out with little water
k. uric acid excreted/egested with the feces
l. water conservation/osmoregulation
OR
reduces mass of water «in body»
m. uric acid is non-toxic
What is the largest muscle in the body
Gluteus Maximus(do not accept any other term)