Independent Group
How many groups are in this design and what are they?
Two groups:
1. Experimental
2. Control
How many groups are used?
3 or more groups
What does it let you examine
How does it work?
each participant is randomly assigned one group
How does it work?
The participants complete all of the levels or conditions.
What does it measure?
The dependent variable
What does it measure?
How does it compare groups?
Conditions and levels
What are the participants manipulated by
The independent variable
What is manipulated within the participants?
The Independent variable
What's a con for this design
Potential Confounds
What is the Procedure?
G2 measure DV
Random Assignment G1 measure DV
control measure DV
What is a condition?
a qualitative and unique group
Name two of the four Pros
1. Conceptually simple
2. high external validity
3. avoids practice carry-over
4. less likely to guess the nature of the experiment
Name two of the three pros
1. high internal validity
2. identically matched groups
3. fewer participants needed
Procedure of this design
G1 Measure DV
Random Assignment
G2 Measure DV
What is it used for?
Comparing gorups
What is a level?
Name two of four cons
1. more participants needed
2. expensive and time consuming
3. possible pre-existing difference between groups
4. group assignment bais
Name two of the three cons
1. limited external validity
2. possible carry-over effect or practice
3. Demanded characteristics (gender or smoking)
Why is Christmas called Xmas?
The “X” in Xmas is Christ in Greek language
There are nine reindeer and their names are Dasher, Blixen, Dancer, Prancer, Donder, Vixen, Comet, Cupid and the most famous Rudolph – the red-nosed reindeer!
Where was the first known place to put up Christmas trees?
16th century Germany
What did Santa Claus initially wear
green, purple or even blue robes
What did mistletoe used to be used for?
mistletoe is supposed to be a symbol of love, laughter and compassion? The tradition of a kiss under the mistletoe is supposed to a way of asking for the blessings of the spirits of Christmas through the mistletoe.