Laws of Thermodynamics
This law states that absolute zero cannot be reached.
3rd law
The study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy.
thermodynamics
a measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to a reference point.
temperature
Heat flows spontaneously from _________ to _______.
hot to cold
The transfer of thermal energy with no net transfer of matter.
conduction
This law states that energy is conserved.
1st law
Thermal energy that is not converted into work.
waste heat
______ is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object due to their random motions through space.
temperature
________ is defined as a temperature of 0 kelvins.
absolute zero
radiation
A consequence of this law is that the efficiency of a heat engine is always less than 100 percent.
2nd law
Specific heat
________ is dependent on the mass, temperature, and phase of an object.
thermal energy
_________ created the ice cream churn.
Nancy Johnson
The transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another.
convection
2nd law
The increase in the volume of a material due to a temperature increase.
thermal expansion
The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of temperature difference.
heat
In _________ the ice cream machine was patented.
1843
True or false. In most solids, conduction takes place as particles vibrate in place.
True
An instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy.
calorimeter
Copper is a type of thermal __________.
conductor
True or False. Matter can be cooled to absolute zero.
false