DNA Structure
What is the unit of DNA?
Nucleotide
Which protein is an octamer?
Histone
Which strand is built continuously?
Leading
What are the two steps in respiration?
Gas exchange
Cellular Respiration
What is the full form of DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Differentiate between purine and pyrimidine bases
Purines = double ring
Pyrimidine = single ring
When DNA wraps around a histone, what structure does it form?
Nucleosome
Helicase opens the DNA, topoisomerase holds it open
Earthworms do __________ respiration
Humans do __________ respiration
Cockroaches use a __________ system
Cutaneous
Pulmonary
Tracheal
What is another name for parental strand?
Template
Which scientists are credited with discovering structure of DNA? What name did they give the structure?
Watson & Crick - double helix
When does the DNA become packaged?
Before/during cell division
Primase adds a ____________, while _________ undoes the work of primase
Name two membranes found in human lungs
Pleural, alveolar
Differentiate between semiconservative and semicontinuous
One means that half of each new strand is conserved
One means that half the strands are built continuously
Pentose is a sugar made of 5 __________
__________ is the specific pentose found in DNA
Carbons, deoxyribose
What is a solenoid?
Many nucleosomes packed together
Why is the lagging strand built in fragments? What is the name of these fragments? Which enzyme joins the fragments at the end?
Because DNA polymerase can only work 5' to 3'.
Okazaki fragments
Ligase
Name 5 characteristics of a respiratory surface
Large, moist, vascular, thin, permeable to CO2/O2
Name 6 enzymes used in DNA replication
Helicase, topoisomerase, primase, polymerase, exonuclease, ligase
Draw a Venn diagram to compare the structures in a DNA backbone to the structures in a nucleoside
PO4 only in backbone
nitrogenous base only in nucleoside
deoxyribose in common
Put in order from largest to smallest:
DNA strand, chromosome, solenoid, nucleosome, supercoil fiber, supercoil, histone
Chromosome, supercoil fiber, supercoil, solenoid, nucleosome, histone, DNA strand
Draw a diagram to show the difference between DNA replication of the leading and lagging strand. (include arrows to show the direction of replication)
Lagging strand alternates between primer and DNA
Direction is different
Put these in order of air flow in the human respiratory system:
trachea, bronchi, pharynx, alveoli, bronchiole, nasal cavity, larynx, nostrils
Nostril, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchiole, alveoli
Name five functions of DNA related to its structure
Replication, store information, transmit information, express information, regulate genes