The Last 100 Years
This Empire controlled most of the Middle East (excluding Iran) on the eve of World War I.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
This event took place in the year 622 CE and marks the start of the Islamic, or Hijri, calendar.
What is the Hijra, or "Emigration" of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina.
This crucial event in the history of the caliphate occurred in 632 CE.
What is the death of the Prophet Muhammad?
This Arabic word, meaning "way" or "path" is often used as a translation for "law" in Islam.
What is Shari'a?
Meaning a prayer leader, a venerable scholar, or just a generic term for "leader", bearers of this title have special significance in Shi'i Islam.
What is an Imam?
BONUS ROUND!!
This system was employed by the British and French after World War I to provide a basis for the creation of new, dependent quasi-colonies out of former Ottoman Lands.
What was the Mandate System?
BONUS ROUND!
This Arabian tribe includes among its members the Prophet Muhammad, the caliph 'Ali, the 'Abbasid dynasty, and the current royal house of Jordan.
What is the Banu Hashim?
These "Rightly Guided" leaders led the earliest Muslim community, generally from Medina.
Who were the Rashidun Caliphs?
This Arabic word denotes "struggle" and is considered and important spiritual and, at times, political aspect of Islamic practice. A related term, ijitihad, denotes the interpretive act of a Muslim lawyer or jurist.
What is jihad?
"Dhimma" is a status of protection in Islamic law accorded to these members of Middle Eastern society in return for various legal obligation and, above all, an added tax.
Who are non-Muslim subjects of an Islamic government?
This 1979 event ousted the monarchy and established the current regime in Iran.
What is the Islamic Revolution?
This empire from Late Antiquity had its capital at Ctesiphon in Iraq and was ruled by a king known as a shah.
What is Sassanian Persia?
BONUS ROUND!!
From their capital in the round city of Baghdad, these caliphs established themselves in a revolution and oversaw a "Golden Age" of Islamic civilization.
What was the 'Abbasid dynasty?
BONUS ROUND!
This Arabic word denotes the learned class of Islamic societies, especially those learned in Islamic law.
What is "ulama"?
This ancient Iranian religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra was the state religion of the Sassanian Empire until its conquest in the 7th century but lives on in various South Asian communities known as Parsees.
What is Zoroastrianism?
This "-ism" emerged as a powerful response to the "post-Ottoman Identity Crisis."
What is Nationalism (et cetera)?
Although this Arabian clan provided many of the strongest opponents of the Prophet Muhammad in his early career, it also includes some of his staunchest allies, as well as every caliph in Islamic history.
What is the Banu Quraysh?
This dynasty of caliphs ruled a vast new empire from their capital in Damascus, Syria. One of their caliphs built the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
Who were the Umayyad Caliphs?
These four names denote the four surviving schools (or madhhabs) of Sunni religious law.
Who are the Malikis, Shafi'is, Hanbalis, and Hanafis?
These five themes represent just a few of the concepts found in the Qur'an that historians find useful for understanding the subsequent development of Islamic civilization.
What are The Nature of God, Humanity, Ethics, Prophecy/History, and Eschatology?
This series of anti-government protests and armed uprisings spread across the Middle East beginning in late 2010 in response to oppressive regimes and low standards of living, toppling governments in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, and elsewhere.
What is the Arab Spring?
Commonly called the "Pillars of Islam", these five ritual practices are shared by all Muslims, regardless of sect, time period, or geographic origin.
What are:
1. The Profession of Faith 4. Fasting
2. Prayer 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj)
3. Alms (Zakat)
These features (name 2) of society characterize "the conquest state", which describes how the early Islamic state related to its subjects in eth wake of the great wave of conquests in the 7th century.
What are:
-A small elite ruling a vast subject majority
-Ruling elite is Arab and Muslim; subjects generally are not.
-Rulers and ruled kept relatively separate
-Rulers reliant upon local administrative talent
The jurist al-Shafi'i devised a system of the "Sources of Islamic Jurisprudence" (or Usul al-Fiqh) that ranks these four sources of legal knowledge.
What are:
1. The Qur'an
2. Hadith
3. Consensus (irma')
4. Analogy (qiyas)
BONUS ROUND!!
This Arabic word denotes the concept of "abrogation", by which a later verse of the Qur'an is held to supersede an earlier one.
What is naskh?