Cause/Effect
Nathan forgot to study so he got an F on his test. What is the cause?
Nathan forgot to study
An adult human brain only weighs about 3 pounds and is about the size of a cantaloupe. About 20% of the blood that is pumped through the heart goes to the brain. Some parts of the brain control things that you don't normally think about, like breathing and digestion.
What's the main idea?
People who wanted to travel from the east to settle in the west in the mid 1800s traveled on the Oregon Trail in wagon trains. The trail started in Iowa and Missouri and stretched 2,000 miles to Oregon. Over 50,000 settlers made this long and dangerous journey.
What's the author's purpose?
Inform
Eric gripped the bat in his hands. His palms were sweaty but he took a deep breath as he stepped up to the plate. He had to score a run or his team would lose the game. When the pitcher threw a fastball, Eric's reflexes took over and he heard the crack of the bat hitting the ball.
What do you think will happen next?
Eric will hit a home run and his team will win or someone will catch Eric's ball and the other team will win
It was 9:05. The school bell had already rung and Mrs. Jamison had just finished taking attendance. All of the students in the class stood up and put their right hands on their chests.
What are the students doing?
Saying the Pledge of Allegiance
Ali slept through her alarm so she missed her bus.
What's the cause?
Ali slept through her alarm
In 1803, the United States bought the Louisiana Territory from France. The Louisiana Territory stretched from the Mississippi River all the way to the Rocky Mountains. This purchase more than doubled the size of the United States.
What's the main idea?
The United States bought the Louisiana Territory to help the country.
"As it is now time for my son, the prince, to marry, we shall hold a great contest to find the strongest and bravest princess in all the kingdom," announced the king.
Prince Harold sighed. He didn't care who won the contest. He didn't want to get married. He wanted to train unicorns.
Tell the author's purpose.
Entertain
Krystal decided to make some cookies for her mother. She followed the recipe carefully. Then she put the cookies in the oven and went to watch tv. Krystal fell asleep on the couch waiting for the cookies.
What happened to the cookies?
Edward was running fast as he could. He could hear Jacob's footsteps close behind him. He tried to run faster, but it was no use. Within seconds, Jacob was by his side, and then ahead of him. A moment later both boys collapsed under the old oak tree in front of the school.
What were Edward and Jacob doing?
They were racing
Jenna didn't put on sun block, so she got burnt.
What's the effect?
She got burnt
Giant river otters live in South America. Families of giant river otters live in dens that they dig into the banks of rivers and lakes. Mother river otters give birth to their babies in their dens. Baby river otters are called cubs. Cubs are born blind and helpless.
What's the main idea?
Giant river otters live in South America.
Marsupials are a type of mammal. Female marsupials have a pocket that they use for carrying and protecting their babies. Most marsupials, such as kangaroos, wallabies, wombats, and koalas live in Australia. The only marsupial native to North America is the opossum.
Tell the author's purpose.
Inform
Ben filled the tub with warm water. He got the special shampoo and put it on the side of the tub. Then he got a towel. Ben left the bathroom and went to the backyard. "Here Rascal," he called. "I have a surprise for you!"
What's Rascal's surprise?
a bath
Callie picked herself off the pavement and checked herself over for injuries. No blood, and nothing seemed to be broken. Good thing she was wearing her pads and helmet. She walked over to the skateboard that was laying upside down a few feet away, popped it right side-up with her foot, and rode away.
Why was Callie on the pavement?
She fell off her skateboard
Billy didn't put gas in his car so he broke down on the side of the road.
What's the cause?
Billy didn't put gas in the car
The abyss is the name for the deepest part of the ocean. The abyss is over 13,000 feet from the surface. The water is very cold there--almost freezing. Sunlight does not reach that deep, so it is also completely dark. Food is scarce. Animals that live in the abyss have adapted to this harsh environment.
What is the main idea?
The abyss in the ocean
I know you are super busy today, but can you please help me with the math homework today? You are so good at math, and I am really having trouble. Plus if you help me today, I will help you with your book report next week. Also, my mom made these totally yummy cookies today and we can have some while we are working.
Tell the author's purpose.
Persuade
Mom was making a sour face as she handed the baby to Dad and said, "Your turn. I did it last time." Dad took the baby and headed off to the nursery.
What will Dad do next?
Change the baby's diaper
Jake and Tim sat quietly next to each other, each thinking his own thoughts. Suddenly, the pole Jake was holding loosely in his hands jerked so hard, he nearly dropped it.
"You got one!" exclaimed Tim excitedly. "Reel him in slowly."
What did Jake have?
a fish
Harper stayed out past her curfew so she was grounded.
What's the effect?
She was grounded
One hot summer day, Amber decided to have a lemonade stand. She set up her stand and sold her lemonade for 25 cents a cup. Within an hour, she was $5.00 richer and out of lemonade. The next day, Amber made more lemonade and raised the price to 50 cents.
What's the main idea?
Amber had a lemonade stand
Zoe woke up in the middle of the night. She'd had a bad nightmare. She was so afraid that she could not fall back asleep. Zoe got out of bed and made her way through the dark hall to her big sister's bedroom. Her sister sighed sleepily when Zoe crawled in beside her. Zoe was asleep in a few minutes.
What's the author's purpose?
entertain
Kyle was riding his bike home when a squirrel suddenly ran right in front of him.
What's going to happen to Kyle?
He's going to crash his bike
Mom made sandwiches and put them into the basket, along with some fruit and chips. Dad grabbed the big checkered blanket and Robby got the Frisbee. Then the whole family piled into the car and headed out.
Where is the family going?
The park or on a picnic