Kidney and Urinary System
What color should urine be?
Amber
What is the largest vein?
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
What are the formed elements?
What % does it make up?
Cells
45%
The grape-like sacs in the lungs, involved in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange are called?
Alveoli
What color tube is needed for lead testing?
Tan/Brown
Catheters are sized according to a French (Fr) scale, which indicates a measurement of the catheter's ___?
Diameter
True or False: The S2 sound is caused by the pulmonary valve and aortic valve closing
True (also called semi lunar valves)
What are the five types of white blood cells?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
Name the upper respiratory tract organs
Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, and Upper Trachea
If I use a light blue tube and need to use a butterfly needle, what tube is inserted first?
The Red Tube
Urine is produced in the ____
Nephrons
Define Cardiac Output
Amount of blood pumping out of the heart per minute
Define hematoma and how it is prevented in venipuncture?
Black & Blue; Put pressure for 30 seconds
A lung infection in which the alveoli are inflamed and filled with fluid is called?
Pneumonia
What do you need to do when sending a Lt blue tube to the lab department?
Needs to be chilled
List three main functions of the Nephrons
Clean blood, Filter waste, and Control fluid
What is the visceral layer of the myocardium?
Endocardium
What is the function of Basophils, and its reference range (aka %)?
Inflammation and 1%
Air enters the respiratory system and is warmed, moisten and filtered by the ____
Nose
I need BT, GTT, and ESR all checked, so which color tubes are needed and what order?
Lt blue, Lavender, Gray
Why is the right kidney lower than the left kidney?
To leave room for the liver
Name the arteries that supply blood to the myocardium
Coronary
What is hemostasis, and explain all the stages?
4 stages of coagulation
- Vascular Phase: Vein constricts forms temporary platelet plug
- Temporary Clot: Fibrin Clot to stop bleeding. Factor XIII stabilizes the fibrin clot
- Permanent Clot: prothrombin - thrombin - fibrinogen
- Fibrinolysis: Clean-up of injured vein
What keeps food and water from entering the windpipe and lungs?
Epiglottis
A patient is sent to the ER after the patient tried to do a somersault onto a motorcycle, then do a backflip midair and land it. The doctor was not able to identify of the patient and proceeds to let you draw their blood. As a PCT, you can tell that he did not succeed on the somersault on the motorcycle, and furthermore, he has fragile veins. What color tubes are needed and what order?
Red Tube, Lt Blue, and Pink Tube
(Explanation: Lt blue is needed because of the butterfly needle due to the fragile veins, and the red tube is inserted first to clean. Next, Pink tube is to identify the patient at hand due to type & cross match)