People
Who was John Locke?
A philosopher that believed everyone could learn from experience
What two thinkers started the Enlightenment?
John Locke and Thomas Hobbes
What were the concepts that formed these philosophes beliefs?
Reason, happiness, nature, liberty and progress
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft and what did she do?
She is an English writer who wrote about how she disagreed with Rousseau beliefs on education
What three effects helped shape western civilizations?
Belief in progress, a secular outlook and individual importance
What was Voltaire fighting for?
Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, tolerance and reason
What was Hobbes outlook on people?
That they were all selfish and evil
What did Montesquieu propose about the separation of powers?
That it would keep from individuals having too much power and control over the government
Mary Wollstonecraft was an advocate for what?
Women's education
What movements did these enlightenment thinkers inspire?
American and French revolutions
What was Montesquieu's idea? What country used his idea?
The separation of powers. The United States
What were Locke's Natural Rights?
Life Liberty and Property
How did Voltaire fight intolerance?
He fought intolerance with his writings.
How did women share information about Enlightenment with others?
They met at social gatherings
What pioneers helped opened the door of growth of scientific knowledge?
Galileo and Newton
How did Rousseau's beliefs on the social contract differ from Hobbes?
Rousseau believed it was an agreement among free individuals to create a society and government. Hobbes believed it was an agreement between society and the government
How did Hobbes and Locke's views on human nature differ?
Hobbes believed humans were selfish and wicked while Locke believed people could learn from mistakes
How was Rousseau different from other philosophers?
He was different because he believed that civilization corrupted people's good nature
Besides education what is something Astell addresses in her writings?
Unequal relationship in marriages between women and men
What is the Scientific Revolution?
The period where scientists proved that mysteries of the universe could be explained through mathematics
What philosopher did Mary Wollstonecraft disagree with? Why?
She disagreed with Rousseau because she believed that women and men both need education to become useful and Rousseau believed that women's education is secondary to men's
How did these ideas on government impact our lives today?
The ideas impacted our lives because they helped inspire struggles for liberty in the Americas and Europe
What did Beccaria argue?
That a person accused of a crime should get a speedy trial and torture should never be used.
How did women try to improve the status of women?
Through writings such as essays and books
When turning away from the church, what did people turn to for answers?
They turned to themselves for answers