Culture and Society
A system of labor that became an integral part of American society and the economy as the demand for labor to produce crops increased.
(Key Concept 4.1)
What is slavery?
A strongly anti-Catholic nativist movement arose in the 1840s that was aimed at limiting new immigrants’ political power and cultural influence, which led to the rise of this political party in the 1850s.
(Key Concept 5.1)
What is the Know-Nothing-Party?
Both the Union and the Confederacy mobilized their economies and societies while preparing for the Civil War even while facing considerable home front opposition. However, the Union had an advantage in the war because they already had an established infrastructure, government, and this transportation system.
(Key Concept 5.3)
What is the railroad system?
In the early 1800s, large numbers of international migrants moved to these industrializing areas as they sought opportunity and prosperity.
(Key Concept 4.2)
What are Northern cities?
This conflict resulted from British attempts to restrict U.S. trade, the Royal Navy’s impressment of American seamen and America’s desire to expand its territory.
(Key Concept 4.3)
What is the War of 1812?
A popular social movement during the 1800s that argued against the consumption of alcoholic beverages as a way to change individual behaviors and improve society.
(Key Concept 4.1)
What is the Temperance movement?
An important outcome of the Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case in 1803 that expanded judicial powers.
(Key Concept 4.1)
What is judicial review?
Legislation and judicial systems supported the development of roads, canals, and railroads, which extended and enlarged markets and helped foster regional interdependence. Transportation networks linked the North to this part of the country more closely than either was linked to the South.
(Key Concept 4.2)
What is the Midwest?
Established in 1830, this act authorized the president to grant Indian tribes unsettled western prairie land in exchange for their desirable territories within state borders, as the United States government sought influence and control over North America and the Western Hemisphere.
(Key Concept 4.3)
What is the Indian Removal Act?
Increased Southern production of this cash crop and the related growth of Northern manufacturing, banking, and shipping industries promoted the development of national and international commercial ties.
(Key Concept 4.2)
What is cotton?
The rise of democratic and individualistic beliefs, a response to rationalism, and changes to society caused by the market revolution, along with greater social and geographical mobility, contributed to this movement among Protestants that influenced moral and social reforms and inspired utopian and other religious movements.
(Key Concept 4.1)
What is the Second Great Awakening?
The U.S. added large territories in the West through victory in this war in 1848 and through diplomatic negotiations, raising questions about the status of slavery, American Indians, and Mexicans in the newly acquired lands.
(Key Concept 5.1)
What is the Mexican-American War?
A system of messengers on horseback established in 1860 to carry mail across the United States.
(Key Concept 4.2)
What is the Pony Express?
The desire for access to natural and mineral resources, the hope of many settlers for economic opportunities or religious refuge, and the promotion of western transportation and economic development led to an increased migration to and settlement in this part of the United States.
(Key Concept 5.1)
What is the West?
This principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, claimed that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US.
(Key Concept 4.3)
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
This American belief regarding expansion allowed advocates of annexing western lands to argue that the superiority of American institutions compelled the United States to expand its borders westward to the Pacific Ocean.
(Key Concept 5.1)
What is Manifest Destiny?
The political party, led by Henry Clay, that disagreed with the Democrats about the role and powers of the federal government and issues such as the national bank, tariffs, and federally funded internal improvements during the 1820s and 1830s.
(Key Concept 4.1)
What is the Whig party?
Innovations including textile machinery, steam engines, interchangeable parts, the telegraph, and agricultural inventions increased the efficiency of production methods which led to this revolution in the 1800s.
(Key Concept 4.2)
What is the Market Revolution?
This system was used as a secret network for helping slaves escape from the South to the North and to Canada in the years before the Civil War. Proponents of this system included African Americans and abolitionists.
(Key Concept 5.2)
What Is the Underground Railroad?
U.S. interest in expanding trade led to economic, diplomatic, and cultural initiatives to create more ties with this continent.
(Key Concept 5.1)
What is Asia?
Attempts to resolve the issue of slavery in the territories, including the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas–Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott decision, ultimately failed to reduce conflict. The failure of Northerners to follow these laws, which were established in the Compromise of 1850, increased tensions between the North and South.
(Key Concept 5.2)
What are the fugitive slave laws?
This economic plan aimed to further unify the U.S. economy, which generated debates over whether such policies would benefit agriculture or industry, potentially favoring different sections of the country. This plan included support for a high tariff, maintenance of high public land prices to generate federal revenue, preservation of the Bank of the United States, and development of a system of internal improvements.
(Key Concept 4.2)
What is the American System?
In 1836, Samuel Morse had created this invention and he had written the code that was to be transferred on it. Morse Code used dots, dashes and spaces to represent the letters of the alphabet. The U.S. government had requested a line be built between Baltimore and Washington and this invention changed communication in the United States.
(Key Concept 5.3)
What is the electromagnetic telegraph?
Substantial numbers of international migrants continued to arrive in the United States during the mid-1800s from Europe and Asia, mainly from these two countries, often settling in ethnic communities where they could preserve elements of their languages and customs.
(Key Concept 5.1)
What are Ireland and Germany?
The Mexican Cession region, in the modern-day southwestern United States, is the land that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in this treaty in 1848 after the Mexican–American War.
(Key Concept 5.2)
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?