War Breaks Out
This event on June 28, 1914 sparked WWI.
The assignation of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Austrian-Hungarian Empire).
What event sparked President Wilson to ask for a declaration of war on Germany?
The sinking of three American ships (an act of unrestricted warfare on the part of the Germans).
How did the United States government fund the war?
Bonus (50pts)- How much did the war cost the US?
War bonds (raised 2/3 of the funds needed for war).
Bonus- $35.5 billion.
What were President Wilson's goals for peace called and when were they presented to Congress?
President Wilson spoke to Congress in January 1918 about his goals for peace, known as the Fourteen Points.
This individual believed "the world must be made safe for democracy".
Bonus (50 pts)- when was this statement made?
President Woodrow Wilson
Bonus- In Woodrow Wilson's declaration to congress to join the war effort.
What countries represent the Central Powers?
Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire
How did woman serve in the war effort overseas?
Women served as nurses, clerical workers, interpreters, operated switchboards, entertained troops, and drove ambulances for the AEF.
How did writers, artists, photographers, and film makers contribute to the war effort?
They produced propaganda to to influence the actions of others.
What organization was set up to settle conflicts through negotiations?
League of Nations.
Who served as leader of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)?
General John J. Perishing.
What countries represent the Allied Powers?
France, Great Britain, Russia, United States, Italy.
How many American Americans served in the war effort overseas?
Bonus (50pts)- how were they treated?
Approximately 400,000 African Americans served in two segregated combat divisions.
Bonus- They faced discrimination not from their European allies, but from while American soldiers.
This term describes the dispersal of about 500,000 African Americans out of the South.
Bonus (50pts)- Why were they moving?
The Great Migration.
Bonus- To escape bigotry, poverty, and racial violence in the South. They hoped to find a better life in the North.
What resulted from the Red Scare?
Bonus (50pts)- Who was most affected?
Raids on homes and headquarters, without warrants, for suspected radicals. Suspected individuals dragged off to jail.
Bonus- radicals and foreigners.
When does the United States declare war on Germany?
April 2, 1917
Identify and explain the MAIN causes of WWI.
Militarism- build-up of military (arms race)
Alliances- teaming up of countries
Imperialism- strong countries compete to take over weaker countries.
Nationalism- Strong feelings of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness towards one's own country.
Explain how the United States mobilized troops for the war effort.
1917- Selective Service Act (men 21-30 years of age entered in a draft). Units dispersed overseas sporadically.
1918- Army grew from 200,000 to 3 million men. Arrival of 2 million men to France by the spring of 1918.
What were civilians asked to do for the war effort?
Provide money via war bonds, save food, observe wheatless Monday's and Wednesday's, Meatless Tuesday's, minimize pleasure drives to conserve fuel, limit use of steel and other metals, remove metal from caskets, woman donated corsets with metal and manufactures stopped making toys for children.
What was controversial about the Treaty of Versailles?
Bonus (50pts)- When did the US ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
Great Britain, France, and Italy wanted Germany to pay heavily for their part in the war. They did not support "peace without victory".
Congress did not want to commit to the League of Nations, as it could lead to more foreign commitments (Republican OPPOSED).
Bonus- The Treaty of Versailles was NEVER signed by the US.
Explain WHO and in WHAT WAY each nation was involved in the Zimmerman telegram.
Germany sent telegram to Mexico to convince them to join war and attack US.
Great Britain intercepted the telegram and informed the US.
Compare and contrast the fighting styles of the Western and Eastern fronts (i.e. think technologies and strategy)
Western Front- Trench warfare (leads to stalemates with no sides winning and little ground gained). Use of machine guns, tanks, poison gas, U-boats, fighter planes.
Eastern Front- Germany was industrialized, using machine guns. Russia was not industrialized.
Identify a specific American war hero and explain their role in WWI.
Alvin York- hero of the Meuse-Argonne offensive; attacked and killed 25 German machine gunners; took 132 German soldiers captive.
Eddie Rickenbacker- pilot; "ace of aces"; shot down 26 enemy planes.
4 African-American combat units awarded for battlefield valor.
How did the Supreme Court justify the constitutionality of the Espionage Act and Sedation Act?
Bonus (50pts)- Who made this ruling?
The 1919 decision of Schenck v. United States argued that during times of warfare, free speech, guaranteed under by the First Amendment, could be limited.
Bonus- Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.
How did Europe change geographically following the end of the war and the Treaty of Versailles?
The treaty divided up the Austrian-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires. New countries emerged- Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Turkey.
Germany lost land and all of its colonies.
Identify the BATTLE and approximate date for the turning point of the war.
Second Battle of the Marne (summer 1918).