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What is the importance of the text The Epic of Gilgamesh?
First text written, gives insight to the afterlife and beliefs of Sumerians.
What was the structure in Sumer?
A hierarchy- ranking groups with one ruling family, high priests.
Why is the nile river important to the Egyptians?
Trade
Irrigated Crops
Symbol for afterlife
The kings who ruled Egypt were called...
Pharaohs
What was the big achievement that the Phoenicians were known for?
Trade/purple dye/ inventing the first alphabet
What was the purpose of the ziggurats?
temples
How did Nebuchadnezzar improve Babylon’s economy?
He restored temples, canals, walls etc.
Why did so many civilizations settle in the Fertile Crescent?
rich soil, fertile land that was good for farming
How did the Egyptians view the afterlife?
Had to prove themselves to Osiris
Book of the Dead
Believed to be like life on Earth, so they needed to bring worldly possessions with them
Who had the major achievement in inventing the first writing system?
Sumerians
What is Cuneiform?
Sumerian writing done on tablets
How did the Phoenicians run their economy?
Trade- setting up colonies along the water and trading goods that were not found anywhere else.
What geographical features were benefits to the Egyptians?
Nile River
Smaller Rivers
Desert for protection
Close to two major seas
Explain the social structure in Egypt.
Social Pyramid- (explain the set up)
What advancements did the Egyptians make in Math and Science?
Pyramids/building structures/engineering
Who first started charting the stars and making constellations?
Sumerian Scholars
What was the status of women in Babylon?
Women had rights to land, enforced by the Code of Laws. They were homemakers and ran a family, but also were priestesses.
How did the geography of the region affect the Sumerians?
Not enough Resources
Flooding
Inconsistent climate
What are some of the achievements that the Egyptians created?
Structures (pyramids, temples), Rosetta Stone, hieroglyphics, charting constellations.
Why was Hammurabi so important?
He was the first to CODIFY laws and first to make a code of law.
*Criminal and civil law
What did Nebuchadnezzar make for his wife?
The hanging gardens.
Describe the economic structure of the Sumerians.
Used the wheel to help travel goods to far off places
Only had clay/ water and needed to trade of other materials.
What two rivers is the fertile crescent between?
Tigris and Euphrates
Explain the role religion played in Egyptian culture.
Polytheistic (gods, goddesses)
Pharaohs close to the gods.
What were the major achievements made by the Persians?
Improved trade/grew largest empire