Pre-Columbian America
Land mass that the first Americans are believed to have crossed around 15,000 years ago.
What is the Bering Straight?
Primary motivations for European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
What are God, Gold, Glory?
London based joint-stock company that funded the colony of Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.
What is the Virginia Company?
Leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who envisioned the Puritan settlement as a "city upon a hill".
Who is John Winthrop?
According to the theory of Mercantilism, this was how a nation could accrue wealth. (Colonies helped you achieve this...)
What is a favorable balance of trade?
Allowed for the development of complex civilizations in the Americas such as the Mayans, Aztecs, and Cahokia.
What is maize cultivation?
Innovations that allowed European powers to explore and colonize the Americas.
What are the magnetic compass, astrolabe, caravel, joint-stock companies, rise of the nation-state.
This became the basis of the Chesapeake Colonies (Virginia and Maryland) economy and resulted in a strict social hierarchy in southern society.
What is tobacco?
The first governing document of the Plymouth Colony, establishing rules for democratic self-governance.
What is the Mayflower Compact?
Unofficial British policy until 1763 (French and Indian War), which saw a lax enforcement of colonial trade regulations and allowed the 13 colonies a certain degree of political independence.
What is salutary neglect?
Primary method of agriculture utilized by tribes in the Southeastern and Northeastern cultural regions.
What is Three Sisters Farming?
The primary location of French colonization efforts in the New World.
What is Canada and along the Mississippi River?
An early colonial assembly established in Virginia in 1619.
What is the House of Burgesses?
Dissenters who were exiled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for promoting "radical" beliefs.
Who are Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson?
Belief that God exists, but does not interfere in worldly affairs.
What is Deism?
Adobe apartment complexes constructed by the Native American groups in the Southwestern region.
What is a Pueblo?
Labor system instituted by the Spanish crown in the American colonies. Spanish settlers were granted land and native laborers.
What is the encomienda system?
Conflict between poor back-country farmers and Native Americans let to the burning of Jamestown and widespread adoption of slavery in Virginia.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
Two major conflicts between the Puritans and Native American tribes in the New England region.
What the Pequot Wars and King Philip's War?
Embodiment of Enlightenment ideals in the colonies. Famous scientist, inventor, writer, etc.
Who Benjamin Franklin?
Forebearers of tribes such as the Creek and Cherokee, this Native American culture is known for constructing large earth works, such as those found at Cahokia.
What/Who are the Mississippian Culture?
Spanish priest who exposed the treatment of Spanish colonists on the Native population and advocated for Native American rights.
Who is de Las Casas?
Policy that granted 50 acres of land to settlers who paid for their passage to Virginia.
What is the Headright System?
Puritan effort to counter declining church membership in the 1660's.
What is the Half-Way Covenant?
The first shared experience in the British colonies. Led to the growth of new evangelical denominations in America and emphasized individualism and challenging traditional authority.
What is the First Great Awakening?