Linguistics
A native Mandarin speaker struggles with English pronunciation.
Phonology. “Foreign accent” is created when the phonemic inventory of L1 and L2 don’t overlap.
Cows will moo whether or not they grew up with other cows. However, children do not speak a certain language based on their ethnicity or nationality. Children learn language through...
cultural transmission
What is the symbol for the sound in the word: treasure
/ʒ/
What are the nasal sounds of English?
/m, n, ŋ/
Read the word & give a minimal pair
/jɛl/
/bɛl - sɛl - jul - jɑl - jɛt - jɛs/
Which are of linguistics is violated in this example?
To the movies together went Jake and Rachel.
Syntax. The word order is not acceptable in English.
After an argument, you think of all the things you wish you’d have said.
Reflexivity. This property allows us to think and talk about our own language.
Write the word in English orthography: tʃɹɪk
trick
What is the position of the vocal folds in a voiceless sound?
The vocal folds are open allowing air to pass through without obstruction.
What are the 3 parts of a syllable?
onset, nucleus, coda
A child says “Yesterday we goed to the park.”
Morphology. The child is applying the past tense morpheme -ed to an irregular verb.
Making a fist and sticking the thumb in the air communicates that something is good.
Arbitrariness. There is no relation to this symbol and its meaning.
Transcribe the following word to IPA, including the stress: emphasize
ˈɛmfəsaɪz
What are the 3 features used to describe vowel quality?
height, front/backness & rounding
Give a word with the following syllable pattern: CCVC
trade – prime – click
The verb "move" can mean change place, push, pull or carry, or stir emotion.
Semantics. This area deconstructs the meaning of words and their subtle differences.
The verb binge-watch is an example of which property of human language?
Productivity. The word was invented alongside internet streaming services.
Transcribe the phrase to IPA, including the stress where appropriate: think about it
θiŋk əˈbɑut ɪt
Define the following sound using all 3 features: /f/
voiceless labiodental fricative
Name the phonemic process: camera à /ˈkæmɹə/
elision: leaving out a sound segment
Boyfriend: Are you ok? What’s wrong?
Girlfriend: Nothing. I’m fine.
Pragmatics. This area deals with the invisible meaning and appropriateness of language.
Bees can talk about the last food source they visited, but they can’t talk about the best spot they’ve been to in the last month.
Displacement. Human language can talk about things that are here or there, real or unreal, in the present, past, or future.
Write the following in English orthography.
ˈwɛnzde wəz ðə ˈeɪtinθ ænɪˈvɚsəri əv ðə naɪn ɛˈlɛvən əˈtæks.
Wednesday was the 18th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.
Name the 3 parts of the roof of the mouth.
alveolar ridge, palate, velum
[pʰ] & [p] are allophones of [p]. How is an allophone different from a phoneme?
Allophones are variations of a phoneme. Using allophones does not change the meaning of the word. Phonemes cause a change in meaning.