What are the differences between PROKARYOTES and EUKARYOTES?
Prokaryotes have NO nucleus and NO organelles; simpler and smaller (e.g. bacteria)
Eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles, usually larger and more complex (e.g. plant and animals)
Define "evolution"
Change that occurs over time
What is the scientific unit for measuring LENGTH?
Meters (or centimeters)
Define "matter"
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What does the atomic number tell us about the atom?
The atomic number equals the number of protons (and also equals the number of electrons)
Organize the following from SMALLEST to LARGEST:
atom, cell, population, organ, organelle, organism
Atom, organelle, cell, organ, organism, population
Describe the structure of a DNA molecule
Double helix / twisted ladder, made up up of bases (A, T, C, G), double helix
What is the term for an "educated guess?"
HYPOTHESIS
What is an "element?"
substances made up of only one type of atom
Explain what "mass number" is
The mass number equals the number of protons plus the number of electrons
Which body system provides the body with oxygen and removes gases and wastes from the blood?
Respiratory system
Describe the process of photosynthesis?
Plants take sunlight + water + carbon dioxide --> oxygen + sugar
Define what a "theory" is in science.
A theory is an explanation supported by data/results from repeated experiments and tests
Describe the charge and location of protons
Protons are positively charged and located in the nucleus
Carbon has an atomic number 6, mass number 12, and is found in group 14/4A and period 2.
How many protons does carbon have? How many electrons does carbon have?
6 protons and 6 electrons
1st: An object in motion will remain in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by a force
2nd: F = m x a (force equals mass times acceleration) - a force is required to move an object
3rd: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
What type of wave has the MOST ENERGY in the electromagnetic spectrum?
Options: gamma rays, infrared rays, microwaves, radio waves, ultraviolet rays, visible light, x-rays
Gamma rays
What are the steps to the scientific method?
1. Observe, 2. Predict (hypothesis), 3. Test/Experiment, 4. Collect Data, 5. Analyze, 6. Revise, Repeat, Report
Describe the charge and location of electrons
Electrons are negatively charged and found in clouds of different energy levels outside of the nucleus
Carbon has an atomic number 6, mass number 12, and is found in group 14/4A and period 2.
How many neutrons does carbon have?
6 neutrons
What TWO elements make up Earth's atmosphere?
Oxygen and nitrogen
What type of symbiotic relationship exists when both organisms help each other and are benefited by their relationship?
Options: commensalism, competition, mutualism parasitism, predation
MUTUALISM
Define "independent variable" and "dependent variable"
Independent variable is the manipulated variable that the scientist changes and tests (the cause)
Dependent variable is the responding variable that is the effect and is measured
Who came up with the first atomic theory?
John Dalton
Carbon has an atomic number 6, mass number 12, and is found in group 14/4A and period 2.
How many energy levels does carbon have? How many valence electrons?
2 energy levels and 4 valence electrons