chapters 1-6
a place where someone has made a mistake in his thinking, an error in logic
What is a Fallacy?
Attacking an opponent's character or his motives for believing something, instead of disproving his argument.
What is ad hominem attack?
An appeal to someone who has no special knowledge in the area being discussed.
What is faulty appeal to authority?
Changing the meaning of a word in the middle of an argument.
What is equivocation?
Taking a sample from a class of things, then, using the characteristics from the sample, saying something about everything in the class.
What is generalization?
Introduces an irrelevant point into an argument, to prove a point, but it really doesn't
what is a red herring?
Condemning an argument because of where it began, how it began, or who began it.
What is a Genetic Fallacy?
When we claim that our viewpoint is correct because many other people agree with it.
What is appeal to the people?
When someone asks two questions, but one is hidden behind the other.
What is a loaded question?
Generalizing about a class based upon a small or poor sample.
What is hasty generalization?
When someone uses a double standard or argues for an unjustified expectation
What is special pleading?
Dismissing someone's viewpoint on an issue because he himself is inconsistent in that very thing.
What is tu quoque?
Changing or exaggerating an opponent's position to make it easier to refute.
What is a straw man fallacy?
Something taken for granted or accepted as true without proof.
What is a an assumption?
When someone says that what is true of something as a whole must also be true of each of its parts.
What is whole-to-part?
This muscle is one that we sometimes don't want to use, and that can lead to using fallacies.
What is the mind/brain?
Latin for "to the man".
What is Ad Hominem?
When someone uses an appeal to authority as a way to overawe us and make us reluctant to challenge that authority's viewpoint.
What is faulty appeal to authority?
Assuming that if we take one step, nothing will stop us from taking a series of steps because each step is the same.
What is a slippery slope?
Comparing two or more items with each other, noticing that these items are the same in one or more way, and concluding that they will be the same in other ways also.
What is an analogy?
When someone is more interested in hearing what other people have to say than in telling them what he/she has to say. Hint: Lesson 1
What is someone who loves to listen?
Latin for "you too".
When someone tries to support an argument by just repeating his main premise.
What is circular reasoning?
When someone says that what is true of part of something must also be true of the whole thing.
What is part-to-whole?
When someone asserts that we must choose between two things, when in fact we have more than two alternatives.
What is either-or?