Gas Laws
PV=nRT
Name units for pressure, volume, and temperature
What are the diatomic gases?
What is the ideal gas law?
atm, L, K
HONCLBrIF
Name 5 ions (monoatomic or polyatomic that are ALWAYS SOLUBLE).
Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3-, C2H3O2-
Oxidation is loss (oxidation number goes up because negative charge taken away)
Reduction is gain (oxidation number goes down because negative charge is added)
STP: pressure, temperature?
Molar volume for ideal gas at STP (a conversion rate that will be very handy)
1 atm
O celsius= 273.15 K
1 mol= 22.4 L
Name the phosphate, nitrate, perchlorate, and sulfite ion with their charges.
PO43-
NO3-
ClO4-
SO32-
P1V1=P2/V2 (also fill in the blank: as pressure goes up, volume goes _______)
What is Boyle's Law?
down
If you combine KCl(aq) and Pb(NO3)2 (aq) solutions in a beaker, what will be the precipitate? What is its state (solid, liquid, gas) in a solution? What is the other product and its state?
Please for the love of god know your solubility rules.
PbCl2
Solid
KNO3, aqueous
Something that is reduced or oxidized is always an atom or molecule? The reducing or oxidizing agents are always reactants or products?
atom
reactants
Charles's Law: Equation and interpret
Avogadro's Law: Equation and interpret
V1/T1 = V2/T2 (As temperature increases, so does volume)
V1/n1 = V2/n2 (As moles increase, so does volume)
The conversion rate between inches and centimeters
1 in=2.54 cm
Ptotal= Pgas + Pvapor
Used when the gas is collected over ______ to subtract the vapor pressure and get actual pressure
What is the Law of Partial Pressures?
water
Dilution equation? Do you have to convert to L?
M1V1=M2V2
No!
Oxidation states of:
Free elements, group 1 ions, group 2 ions, F atom, H atom if covalent, H atom if ionic, O in oxides, O in peroxides.
0, 1, 2, -1, +1, -1, -2, -1
The molar mass of the rate of effusion equation should be written in ___/mol.
What should J be converted into?
kg!
J= (kg x m2)/ s2
Dividing molecular formula mass by _________ mass to get the constant needed to get the actual molecular formula.
What is the empirical formula?
1) Graham's Law equation
2) Which one travels faster, He or Ne? (and why)
Tip for these questions: read the problem to understand the right ratio!
e1/e2 = (sq. root of 2nd molar mass)/(sq. root of 1st molar mass)
He! It has a lower mass/is lighter.
In a neutralization reaction, the moles of acid equals the moles of what?
Moles of acid equals moles of base, meaning that the moles of H+ = moles of OH-
When you end of with the final precipitate, how do you find percent yield (with regards to starting amount?)
How to find the molar mass of a gas when given density, temperature, and pressure?
MM= dRT/P
The reactant that runs out first
You use this reactant if you need to find the observed mass of product when there are two reactants and it is NOT STATED which one is excess.
Smallest mass of product is the answer.
Real gases act like ideal gases are which two conditions? AND EXPLAIN!
Low pressure- Volume becomes less significant (ideal gases are volumeless)
High Temp- Kinetic energy increases so more collisions happen and more elasticity!
How do you find the net ionic equation from the molecular equation?
What is the MOST IMPORTANT THING for these net ionic equation problems?
Separate each compound and write their states and charges with them.
Balance before!
Name the polyatomic ion:
Insoluble with Ca Ba Sr Ag Pb
Soluble with group 1 cations, Ca Ba Sr and NH4+
SO42-
OH- and S2-
Describe 3 properties of gases.
If a gas is placed into a monometer with a closed end, does the atmospheric pressure matter?
Compressible, no fixed volume, mix completely with other gases, has no fixed shape, low density, flow from high pressure to low pressure, exert pressure on surroundings
No! Just find pressure of gas
The most important component to know in a neutralization reaction (a certain ratio)
Molar ratio