Landforms Review

Vocabulary

100

The outer layer of the earth's crust that is hard like rock

lithosphere

200

A seismograph is used for... 

an important tool that measures and records the magnitude and duration of the disturbance of the ground, especially earthquakes 

300

The difference between WEATHERING and EROSION 

weathering is a natural process that breaks down rock into small particles 

erosion moves those materials from one place on Earth's Surface, to another 

400

The point on Earth's surface directly above the location of an earthquake 

epicentre 

500

Divergent Boundaries

2 plates of the lithosphere move away from each other 

How They're Formed

100

Mountains

formed by huge movements in Earths crust, powerful forces folding and buckling the rock layers of Earth surface

2 plates of the lithosphere collide and push up on the edges of the plates, forcing material up 

200

Volcanoes 

Similar to mountains

• Volcanic mountains created by volcanic eruptions
• Fluid and semi-fluid material (magma) explodes out of these mountains
• Lava can pile up in layers, creating mountains
• Rock and ash that come out of the volcano can also build up and harden in the shape of a cone around the volcanoes mouth, creating a mountain

300

Valleys 

• V-SHAPED are created when rivers and streams run over the surface of the land and carry away material
• U-SHAPED valley is created when ice moves over the rock or land and carries away material
• Sometimes forces in the Earth move layers of rocks, which create cracks. That land that falls between the cracks can become a RIFT VALLEY

400

Plateaus 

Created by movements under the Earth's surface that lift the land 

Many plateaus form as magma deep inside the Earth pushes toward the surface but fails to break through the crust. Instead, the magma lifts up the large, flat, impenetrable rock above it

500

Plains 

There are a few ways that plains were and are formed. The first plains were created from lava flowing on Earth and burning landforms- making them flat.  

Erosion and deposits can also create plains. 

Sea floor can be pushed up 

How They are Changed

100

what are 3 types of erosion 

ice, water, wind 

200

Why do plates move constantly? 

Convection flow underneath them 

warmer material rises, and is replaced by cool air

300

The theory that the Earth's crust is made up of several rigid pieces that are pushed by forces inside the planet

plate tectonics 

400

How can humans change landforms? 

living spaces 

basic needs

mining 

500

What is a way landforms are changed by natural processes?  

weather- natural disasters 

Physical/Human

100

population of people

human

200

Tornadoes 

physical 

300

population of oak trees in a national park 

physical 

400

Chichen Itza temple in Mexico 

human 

500

Standard of Living quality across the world

human

Volcanoes/Earthquakes

100

How are volcanoes dangerous. Name 3 ways 

- ashes and toxic gases bad for breathing 

- lava can destroy animals, homes 

- lava can cause fires

- rocks and debris flying through the air 

200

How is an earthquake dangerous. name 3 ways 

- destroying homes

- buildings fall, materials fall 

- can cause other natural events (tsunamis) 

300

why is it a good thing for people to be forced out of their homes when living in volcano/earthquake zones? 

- their safety

- to protect their belongings and possessions 

- to allow room for exploration and science 

400

Why is it a bad thing to force people to move away from volcano/earthquake zones? 

- they can lose their jobs, homes and families/friends 

- they may like the area and the lifestyle that comes with it 

- strips us of our right to choose 

- an opportunity for learning 

500

What are some ways we have improved our defense against volcanoes/earthquakes? 

- technology advancements, early warning signs, predicitions

- measuring abilities and ranking disasters 

- structure laws and materials changed