Attachments
What are the three muscles that attach to the coracoid process of the scapula?
Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii (short head) and Pectoralis minor
What muscle of the anterior chest could entrap the brachial plexus?
Pectoralis Minor
Generally, when a muscle crosses the elbow joint and inserts distally on the radius, what are the actions going to be?
Rotation of the forearm (pronation/supination)
Reverse actions are more common to what area of the body, and why?
Reverse actions require that the distal attachment of a muscle is held in check, therefore it is more common in the lower extremity movements because of walking and sitting postures.
In what actions is Trapezius antagonistic to itself?
Elevation and depression of the scapula (upper and lower fibers)
Which muscle sets are hypotonic in a Forward Head Posture?
Head extensors (name the muscles....)
What is the common attachment sites to most of the Adductor group (name both origin and insertion)?
Origin - Pubic bone
Insertion - Linea aspera of the femur
What is the nerve bundle that might be entrapped by the Scalenes?
Brachial Plexus
Bonus: Which triangle of the neck is the endangerment site? Name the sides.
When the muscle is found on the posterior neck, and the fibers are vertical, what action is likely to happen in the sagittal plane?
neck extension
The reverse action of flexion of the arm at the elbow is used in what common everyday movement?
Using your arm on a handrail to go up stairs, or use a handicap bar to lift yourself up (in/out of a car, or off a toilet, etc.).
Which two muscles of the ankle are synergistic in inversion but antagonistic in dorsi/plantarflexion?
Tibialis anterior (dosiflexion)
Tibialis posterior (plantarflexion)
When someone is in a stooped posture, which muscle groups (by action) are hypertonic in the shoulder girdle?
Protractors, depressors and downward rotators of the scapula
Which bone of the forearm must be the attachment (insertion) if the muscle crossing the elbow is to either flex or extend?
Ulna
What are the five (5) nerves of the brachial plexus?
Radial, ulnar, median, axillary, musculocutaneous
If the muscle fibers cross horizontally at a joint, what action is likely to happen?
Rotation - medial/lateral, supination/pronation, inversion/eversion
What is the common reverse action of the Upper Trapezius and Levator scapula on the head and neck?
Head and neck extension, lateral flexion and rotation
In what actions are the anterior and posterior deltoids antagonistic?
Anterior - flexion, medial rotation, horizontal flexion
Posterior - extension, lateral rotation, horizontal extension
Name one muscle pulling inferiorly and one muscle pulling superiorly to create an anterior pelvic tilt.
Iliopsoas (inferiorly), Erector spinae / lumbar (superiorly)
Which two muscles attach to the lumbar spine by way of the Thoracolumbar aponeurosis?
Erector spinae and Latissimus dorsi
What is the nerve that might be entrapped by the Supinator muscle of the forearm?
Radius nerve
Bonus: What is the part of the hand affected?
What is the common action at the ankle to the posterior compartment of the leg muscles?
Plantarflexion
What is the very common reverse action done by the Psoas major muscle?
Trunk flexion (reverse of hip flexion)
Adductor magnus is antagonistic to itself in which two actions?
Flexion and extension of the hip (two heads)
Name one muscle pulling inferiorly and one muscle pulling superiorly to create a posterior pelvic tilt.
Rectus abdominus (superiorly) and Hip extensors (Glut Max, Hamstrings) inferiorly
Which two muscles attach directly to the Iliotibial band?
Tensor fascia latae (TFL) and Gluteus maximus
What is the muscle that might compress the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region?
Piriformis
Name all the muscles that extend the hip (be specific).
Gluteus maximus, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Adductor magnus (posterior head).
What is the common reverse action exercise given to a client recovering from knee surgery to strengthen the quads?
Squats (close chained)
If the agonist muscle is contracting concentrically, what is the antagonistic muscle doing to maintain control of the movement?
Contracting eccentrically (think of slowly sitting down in a chair).
Which muscle set is hypertonic in the condition of "text neck"?
Head and neck flexors (SCM and Scalenes)
Which muscles attach by way of the ligamentum nuchae to the cervical spine?
Trapezius and Splenius capitis
What is the muscle associated with the condition known as foot drop?
Tibialis Anterior
Piriformis is able to be stretched while in lateral rotation when the knee is flexed and in a figure 4 position - explain.
When the hip is flexed past 90 degrees, the line of pull makes the action of Piriformis medial rotation of the hip, which is in stretch in this position of lateral rotation.
What is the eccentric action commonly performed by the Gluteus maximus daily?
When flexing the hip to sit down, Glut Max slows our descent to the chair by lengthening.
Name two de-rotators and describe their actions.
Coracobrachialis can derotate from either medial or lateral rotation in order to achieve adduction of the arm. Brachioradialis derotates either out of supination or pronation to achieve elbow flexion.
Which muscle set is likely hypotonic if your client has an inversion sprain of their ankle?
Lateral compartment of the leg (evertors)