Concepts, Judgements and Reasoning
The mental process that occurs due to intellect and rationality. They are made up of different essential elements that form more complex combinations.
Thought
We start from various observations made about the same fact or object, so that the conclusion is a statement that can be generalized to all cases that share the properties observed so far.
Inductive inference
This symbol identifies a judgment as an Universal Affirmative type. It states that: "All S is P".
A
This logic focuses on the relationships between a quantity and the propositions, distinguishing between individuals and their predicates.
Quantificational Logic
This fallacy seeks to expose an idea that moves the feeling or pity instead of offering reasons.
Appeal to Emotions
The intellectual capacity that is responsible for interrelate different views to solve problems. This makes us able to structure and order ideas and thoughts so we can transmit and assimilate them.
Reasoning
Lead to necessary conclusions; part of the facts and absolute security. We use it when making the general statement of a problem or concern that we seek to solve, to study each of its parts and explain how they relate.
Deductive inference
P1: All dogs are animals.
P2: Some dogs are white.
C: Some animals are white.
Identify the middle term of these propositions:
Dogs
This logic deals with analyzing formally valid reasonings based on their propositions.
Propositional Logic
When we support our arguments in popular opinions and not because of the confidence that they are right, we use the fallacy...
Appeal to popularity
Mental representation of an object, and it is the simplest element of thought.
Concept
Logic principle that states that the words and statements of our inferences must have the same and unique meaning throughout them. "Every statement is identical to itself".
Principle of Identity
This symbol identifies a judgment as a Negative Particular type. It states: "Some S is not P".
O
This logic focuses on indicating the belonging or non-belonging of an element within a set, according to the properties it shares with it.
Class Logic
Referring to any condition of the person who issues an opinion and ignoring the content of what he says, is often very common when we no longer have reasonable elements to refute the argument.
Attack to the person
A complex mental operation that enunciates the relationship that exists between two or more concepts.
Reasoning
This logic principle states that to decide that a premiss is true or false, it is necessary to have reasons to support such a decision. It is necessary to have foundations based on other knowledge or reasons already demonstrated.
Principle of Sufficient Reason
P1: All politicians are good at rhetoric.
P2: All councilors are politicians.
C: Therefore, all councilors are good at rhetoric.
Identify the minor term of these propositions:
Councilors
Checks the validity of the arguments. It includes mathematical operations whose base of reasoning is deductive.
Demonstration
It occurs when an idea or argument is not analyzed but is taken for granted as correct and valid for having been issued by a person or institution with a supposed recognition on the subject.
Appeal to authority
The process of reasoning wherefrom the relationship between two judgments or propositions is a new consequential proposition.
Inference
This logic principle tells us that by having two statements that contradict each other, necessarily one of them must be false and the other true. There is no third possibility or middle term.
Principle of Excluded Middle/Third
Syllogism was proposed by...
Aristotle
When was developed the modern logic and who created it?
In the nineteenth century by George Boole and Augustus De Morgan.
In making an argument, one of the premises is again and again established as a conclusion, and then the conclusion is changed to one of the premises. This mechanism turns the same ideas over and over again.
Petition of principle