MEN
16. The first known incident of an African becoming enslaved in the United States occurred in 1640 when this person ran away with two white servants. After their capture, the white servants had their work time increased by five years, while the African became a "servant for life". Name him.
John Punch
65. This law was called the Slaveholder's dream- it required citizens to become slave catchers. It denied fugitive enslaved blacks a trial.
The fugitive Slave law of 1850
247. In 1979, this nurse was the first black woman to achieve the rank of general in the U.S. Military. Born in 1927 in West Chester, Pennsylvania, she later entered the Army Nurse Corps in 1955, and after completing five years of basic nurses' training at New York's Harlem Hospital she received her promotion to first lieutenant. In 1980, she became Chief of the U.S. Army Nurse Corps. Name her.
Hazel Winifred Johnson
267. The largest and only national museum devoted exclusively to the documentation of African American life, history, and culture opened to the public in Washington, D.C. on this date—September 24, 2016. The museum has collected more than 36,000 artifacts and nearly 100,000 individuals have become charter members. It is open to all who are interested in African American culture and helps all Americans see how their stories, their histories, and their cultures are shaped and informed by global influences. It encourages all Americans to participate, collaborate, and learn more about African American History and culture. Name this museum.
National Museum of African American History and Culture
184. This important civil rights group was organized in New York City on February 12, 1909. Its purpose was to advance the civil rights of African American people and to protect the rights of all people. This organization has become one of the major civil rights organizations today. Name it.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
In 1869, this amendment to the Constitution was ratified. This amendment said, "the right of citizens to vote shall not be denied on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Name this amendment.
fifteenth
Renaissance was considerable. He wrote and published two volumes of poetry, more than 60 short stories, many dramas, operas, and anthologies as well as two autobiographies. Two of his most popular novels were Not Without Laughter and One Way Ticket. For about 22 years, he wrote a weekly newspaper column for the Chicago Defender and then for the New York Post. In 1960, he won the Spingarn Medal and in the following year, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In February 2002, he was honored when the U.S. Postal Service issued a postage stamp commending his contribution to American culture. Name this writer.
Langston Hughes
23. What is the name of the system begun in Virginia by which planters could claim 50 acres of land for each indentured servant brought into the colony?
Headright System
155. She earned a degree from Moody Bible Institute in Chicago, but was rejected to be a Presbyterian missionary. She moved to Daytona Beach, Florida, became a teacher and decided to open her own school.
"If our people are to fight their way out of bondage, we must arm them with the sword and the shield and the buckler of pride—belief in themselves and their possibilities based upon a sure knowledge of the past. That knowledge and pride we must give them—if it breaks every back in the kingdom."
Mary McLeod Bethune
27. On March 13, 1660, this colony passed a law that placed a tax on the sale of enslaved Africans. It is considered the first law making enslaved Africans "chattel" property (tangible property other than land or buildings). Name the colony.
Virginia
31. On February 18, 1688, what group adopted the first formal anti-slavery resolution in American history? They called slavery the "traffic of mensbody."
Quakers
In 1973, this outfielder of the Atlanta Braves' baseball team, hit home run number 715, breaking Babe Ruth's record. He started his professional baseball career with the Indianapolis Clowns of the Negro Baseball League. In his first year in the majors, he was selected Rookie of the Year in 1954. In 1956, he won the National League batting title and in 1957, the Most Valuable Player Award. He retired from baseball in 1976 with 755 total home runs. He set a National League record with 2,297 RBIs. Name him.
Hank Aaron
What is the name of the system begun in Virginia by which planters could claim 50 acres of land for each indentured servant brought into the colony?
Headright System
217. In the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England, this African American female tied for first in the high jump with an Olympic record of 5' 6 1/4". She was awarded the gold medal on the basis of fewer misses--the only gold medal won by an African American woman in track and field. She became the first African American woman to win a gold medal in the Olympic Games. Name her.
Alice Coachman
228. On September 23, 1957, a crowd of whites gathered in front of this high school to pre- vent nine black students from enrolling in the school. Violence erupted and the school superintendent was forced to withdraw the black students from the school under heavy police protection. The next day, President Eisenhower sent federal troops and national guardsmen to this city to ensure the safe integration of the school. About 300 U.S. Army troops, armed with rifles and bayonets, escorted the nine students into this high school. The troops continued to patrol the school grounds and building corridors. On July 11, 1958, the NAACP awarded its prestigious Spingarn Medal to the brave students (referred to as the "Little Rock Nine") who desegregated this high school. A statue commemorating their efforts stands near the state's capitol today. Name the school and the city.
Central High School; Little Rock, Arkansas
195. Because labor unions prohibited blacks from becoming members and discrimination in the workplace was commonplace, blacks were generally concentrated in jobs that paid low wages with no benefits, were the most dangerous, and those where abuse of workers was frequent. This was the case for this group of workers. In 1925, A. Philip Randolph organized a labor union for them, and although it was a struggle, these workers finally received higher wages and better working conditions. For his work, Randolph was called "the Father of African American Unionism." Name the group of workers he organized.
Railroad Sleeping Car Porters
In 1787, this act passed by Congress determined the number of representatives from each state. Enslaved blacks who had no voice in government were actually counted for each state's seats in the House of Representatives. What act made this possible?
the "three-fifths" 3/5 -Compromise
This African American, a graduate of Woodlawn High School in Baltimore County, is a known author and journalist who writes about cultural, social and political issues. His articles have appeared in many of the top newspapers and magazines. In 2008, he published his memoirs, The Beautiful Struggle: A Father, Two Sons, and an Unlikely Road to Manhood. His second book, Between the World and Me, won the prestigious National Book Award for Nonfiction. Also in 2015, he was awarded a "Genius Grant" from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. He is also the writer of the Black Panther series for Marvel Comics. Name him.
Ta-Nehisi Coates
223. On May 17, 1954, this important U.S. Supreme Court decision declared, "racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional." The decision reversed the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling that declared "separate, but equal" doctrine of 1896. Earl Warren, the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court said, "In the field of public education, the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal". Name this important court case and the lawyer who argued the case.
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas; Thurgood Marshall
238. This African American woman was a successful lawyer for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson appointed her as a federal judge to the U.S. District Court for Southern New York State. She was the first African American woman to be named a federal judge. Name her.
Constance Baker Motley
55. Several colonies took steps to abolish slavery between 1777 and 1784. This colony was the first to do so by prohibiting slavery in the constitution it adopted in 1777. Name it.
Vermont
212. This group of black soldiers served in the U.S. Army Air Force. During their period of active service, they amassed one of the most impressive records of any airmen--150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, one Legion of Merit, one Silver Star, fourteen Bronze Stars, and 744 Air Medals. They flew over 15,500 sorties and 1,578 completed missions and destroyed 409 enemy aircraft. During the 200 missions in which they escorted heavy bombers deep into Germany's Rhineland, not one of the "heavies" was lost to enemy fighter opposition. Name the group.
Tuskegee Airmen
By 1860, approximately 500,000 free blacks resided in the country--46 percent of them lived in the South and 44 percent in the North. Most of them lived in highly industrialized urban centers. Which city had the largest number of free blacks at this time?
Baltimore, Maryland
This person, born June 15, 1789 into slavery in Charles County, Maryland, escaped from slavery after seeing his father suffer many abuses, including being made to watch the slave owner and overseer cut off his father's ear. He was sold away from his mother in 1795--at age six. He was sold again several times during his life as a slave. As a slave, he married, became a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and helped to manage his slaveholder's plantation. Believing that he had gained the trust of the slaveholder, he made a deal with him to buy his family's freedom. When his slaveholder refused to uphold his part of the deal and decided to sell him away from his family, he decided to flee with his family. Using the Underground Railroad to successfully arrive in Ontario, Canada in 1830, he wrote a book about his life as a slave (1849). He also founded a settlement and laborer's school for fugitive slaves at Dawn, near Dresden, in Canada. Harriet Beecher Stowe included portions of his life in the narrative of her book, Uncle Tom's Cabin. Stowe identified him as the "real Uncle Tom." This person's autobiography became one of the most popular slave narratives ever published and he subsequently traveled to Britain where he met with Queen Victoria and other dignitaries. Name this person
Josiah Henson
84. On May 28, 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed this law that literally forced the Cherokees, Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Seminoles off their land in the south- eastern region of the United States and moved them over the "trail of tears" to Oklahoma. Many black persons who were members of these tribes also moved along the "trail" with Native Americans. Name the act.
Indian Removal Act
89. This white woman wrote popular and highly successful history novels during the early 1800s. In 1831, she attended a public meeting where she heard William Lloyd Garrison give a speech against slavery. She was moved by his words and in 1833, her book, An Appeal in Favor of that Class of Americans Called Africans, was published. The book persuaded many notable whites to become more involved in the anti-slavery movement, including Charles Sumner. She served on the Executive Committee of the American Anti-Slavery Society, and her husband helped William Lloyd Garrison found the New England Anti-Slavery Society. While she continued to fight for racial equality, she broadened her views to include the rights of women and Native Americans. Name this notable woman
Lydia Maria Childs
94. Many enslaved black people who fled to Canada to escape slavery arrived in this town, a station on the Underground Railroad, directly across the border from Buffalo, New York. One home in this town had a secret room for people to hide and was said to have a secret underground tunnel that connected its basement to the riverbank. Many blacks found work in this town in lumber, shipping, and farming. Name this town in Canada.
Fort Erie, Canada
230. A group of young people, black and white, traveled by bus from Washington to New Orleans to test desegregation of facilities at bus depots in 1961. They were attacked on May 14, 1961 by mobs of white racists in Anniston and Birmingham, Alabama. U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy telephoned Alabama officials, asking them to guarantee protection for the integrated travelers. Their action helped to influence the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to rule that segregation in interstate travel facilities was illegal. What was this group called?
Freedom Riders
During the American Revolution (1775-1783), many black men fought for the colonies and a larger number fought for the British. This was not the first time that black men had been soldiers. They served in the French and Indian Wars (1689-1763) and were members of various colonial militias. They enlisted in these wars with the hope that freedom for the colonies would also mean an end to slavery or their personal freedom. They were soldiers at the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Peter Salem fired the fatal shot killing the British Commander at Bunker Hill. Approximately how many black men fought for the colonies during the American Revolution?
5000
In 1800, this black person organized 1,100 enslaved black people in Henrico County, Virginia and set out to attack Richmond. His goal was to free enslaved black people along the way. The plot was betrayed by enslaved blacks who wanted to save their slaveholder. The captured leader said, "I have adventured my life in endeavoring to obtain the liberty of my countrymen, and am a willing sacrifice to their cause; and I beg, as a favour, that I may be immediately led to execution. I know that you have pre-deter - mined to shed my blood, why then all this mockery of a trial?" The leader and his family were hanged along with 24 other conspirators. Name the leader of this enslaved black rebellion.
Gabriel Prosser
28. On both large and small plantations, particularly where the work was especially hard and masters and overseers were cruel, enslaved blacks frequently resisted as best they could. What are some of the ways they resisted?
slow or poor work performance
destroyed property
burned down barns, even when it was filled with recently harvested crop
left cotton or other agricultural crop in the field
broke tools
broke down fences that allowed the horses to run away
slave gang or working group pretended to be sick or lame
87. This university in Pennsylvania is often referred to as the oldest black university in the United States. In 1832, Richard Humphreys, a Philadelphia Quaker, left $10,000 in his will to establish a school for blacks. It was originally called the Institute for Colored Youth. Today it has an enrollment of about 2,000 and is one of the 14 institutions in the Pennsylvania state system of higher education. Name it.
Cheyney University
77. In 1821, a group of black women founded this society in Philadelphia. It loaned money to members for rent and other necessities, donated money for burial of a member or her relatives, gave aid to the sick, and provided a forum for members to settle disputes. Name it.
Daughters of Africa Society
In the first Civil Rights Bill, the U.S. Congress was seeking to protect freed slaves from Southern Black Codes. Through the bill, blacks were given privileges of American citizenship: “to make contracts, hold property, and testify in court.” They were made subject to the laws, punishment, and penalties of the United States. The U.S. President, Andrew Johnson vetoed it but the U.S. Congress overrode his veto and passed it. When was the first Civil Rights Bill passed?
1866
171. This black man, living in Lynn, Massachusetts, invented the “shoe-lasting machine”, a machine that revolutionized the shoe industry. His invention cut the price of shoes by more than 50 percent, doubled wages in the industry, and improved working conditions for those in the shoe industry
Jan Matzeliger
This colony was established as a barrier between the British in the Carolinas and the Spanish in Florida. This colony’s proprietors initially believed slavery was unsound and unprofitable, and they restricted the importation of enslaved Africans.
Georgia
99. In 1840, the first antislavery political party organized by abolitionists was led by Arthur and Lewis Tappan and James Birney. The party called on Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, to end slave trade between the states, and to stop admitting new slave states to the Union. The party also wanted to repeal state and local "black laws," which discriminated against free black people. Their first presidential candidate, James Birney, received approximately 7,000 votes, 0.29 percent of all ballots cast. Name this political party
Liberty Party