Mental Disorder
Drugs
Agonists/Antagonists
Experiments
Miscellaneous
100
This disorder is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, difficulty initiating movement, and flat affect.
What is Parkinson's Disease?
100
This drug provides a pleasant, relaxed feeling, enhanced attention to sensory experiences, impaired memory/cooridnation, and hunger.
What is marijuana?
100
List 3 different opiate drugs that are Mu agonists.
Any 3: heroin, morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, methadone
100
Most popular way to attempt to experimentally prevent cocaine reinforcement?
What is disrupting Dopamine/ D1 receptor knockouts
100
The administration of this 5HT precursor can be used to combat symptoms of depression.
Tryptophan - (combats the effects of low 5HT synthesis)
200
The definition of depression involves these symptoms. List at least 4
Diminished interest in activities , increase or decrease in appetitie , insomnia or excessive sleeping, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, fatigue
200
This drug is used to treat opioid overdose.
What is naloxone (Narcan and Evzio)?
200
This ___ agonist and ___ antagonist are thought to play a role in the mechanism of how alcohol works.
GABA agonist; Glutamate antagonist.
200
How do you determine the different role of GABA-A receptor subtypes for sedative drugs experimentally?
Strategy:
(1) Mutate specific subunits of GABA-A receptor
(2) Evaluate how benzodiazepines still affect behavior
Examples:
- Mutate alpha1 GABA-A subunit: lose sedation, amnesia
- Mutate alpha2: lose anxiolytic effects
200
Give the most lipophilic drug we have discussed in class this semester, and the two dominant receptor subtypes for this drug that exist in mammals
Nicotine; alpha4 beta2 and alpha 7 subtypes
300
This disorder has a 48% lifetime risk of a monozygotic twin of developing the same disorder.
What is schizophrenia?
300
Diminished interest in activities , increase or decrease in appetitie , insomnia or excessive sleeping, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide, fatigue
It only blocks the monoamine transporters, it does not stimulate the presynaptic release of monamines. It also acts equally on all three monoamine transporters: DAT, NET, & SERT
300
This antagonist can be used to test the monoamine hypothesis for depression. (List the antagonist and what it acts on)
VMAT2, Reserpine
300
This drug is used to identify the key hallucinogenic receptor. Name the drug and the receptor it acts on.
Use Ketanserin, a 5HT2A antagonist = will block the effect of psilocybin
300
What are the 4 routes of drug administration?
Inhalation, injection, mucosal, and ingestion
400
Ketamine resolves ____ symptoms. Describe how ketamine works and its greatest danger.
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Ketamine resolves ____ symptoms. Describe how ketamine works and its greatest danger.
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Ketamine resolves ____ symptoms. Describe how ketamine works and its greatest danger.
Depression
Ketamine blocks NMDA GABA release so there is more glutamate release (prevents inhibitory input and produces more glutamate); stimulates insertion of AMPA receptors which make synapse work better and increases BDNF (growth factor) which results in more spines to receive more input
It is reinforcing but the greatest danger is overdose.
400
This drug is a fast-acting antidepressant that rapidly resolves depressive symptoms by restoring synaptic function. What is its name and what receptor does it initially block?
Ketamine, NMDA receptor
400
What is an example of an antagonist hallucinogen that acts upon GPCRs? What are the effects of this muscarinic drug on the parasympathetic nervous system?
Anticholinergic hallucinogens
The effects include: dilated pupils, speed heart rate, bronchodilation, dry mouth (no sweating), decrease tone - decrease movement (antidiarrheals)
400
What are two key criterion in determining whether a drug has addictive properties that can be demonstrated experimentally?
1. Self-administration despite negative consequences 2. Dopamine release
400
If you drink 2 beers and take 4 shots over the course of 2 hours, what is your BAC?
BAC = .12
500
In Parkinson's Disease, dopamine loss __________ excitation of direct and _________ of indirect pathways.
What is...
1. Decreases
2. Augments inhibition
500
This was one of the first clinical drugs used to treat high blood pressure. It resulted in a huge loss of NE, DA, and 5HT and as a result a percentage of patients became depressed and suicidal
Reserpine
500
Name the 5 effects of the 5HT2 Agonists
1.Hallucinations (in people)
2. Failure to habituate to sensory stimuli suppressed pre-pulse inhibition
3. Pause on operant responding
4. Head Twitch response in rodents
5. Drug Discrimination – 5 HT2A agonists
500
Name 2 of the 5 ways named in class to test activity of Dopamine Neurons
1. Measure dopamine release into synapse
2. Measure cell firing of dopamine neurons
3. Impair function of dopamine neurons pharmacologically (toxins, antagonists)
4. Genetically modify animals- delete or overexpress genes
5. Activate or inactivate aspects of circuit with channel rhodopsins
500
This animal has toxins in its skin to discourage predation. These toxins likely came about from injesting insects.
What is the poison dart frog