Row 1
A part of the Hepatitis B virus is synthesized (made) in the laboratory. This viral particle can be identified by the immune system as a foreign material but the viral particle is not capable of causing disease. Immediately after this viral particle is injected into a human it
A) breaks down key receptor molecules so that the Hepatitis B virus can enter body cells
B) synthesizes specific hormones that provide immunity against the Hepatitis B virus
C) stimulates the production of enzymes that are able to digest the Hepatitis B virus
D) triggers the formation of antibodies that protect against the Hepatitis B virus
D) triggers the formation of antibodies that protect against the Hepatitis B virus
The purpose of introducing weakened microbes into the body of an organism is to stimulate the
A) immune system to react and prepare the organism to fight future invasions by these microbes
B) production of antigens that will prevent infections from occurring
C) production of living microbes that will protect the organism from future attacks
D) replication of genes that direct the synthesis of hormones that regulate the number of microbes
A) immune system to react and prepare the organism to fight future invasions by these microbes
If body temperature is too high, some blood vessels increase in size and sweat glands will excrete sweat, resulting in a lower body temperature. These changes are an example of
A) feedback mechanisms
B) genetic mutations
C) an inherited disorder
D) a learned behavior
A) feedback mechanisms
Vaccinations help prepare the body to fight invasions of a specific pathogen by
A) stimulating antibody production
B) inhibiting antigen production
C) inhibiting white blood cell production
D) stimulating red blood cell production
A) stimulating antibody production
A student received a flu shot in the fall. During the flu season, the student caught a cold. The most likely reason the vaccine he received did not prevent the cold was that
A) his illness was not caused by a pathogen
B) his body produced antibiotics in response to the vaccine
C) he did not get the vaccine at the right time of year
D) the vaccine he received contained only flu virus antigens
D) the vaccine he received contained only flu virus antigens
Scientists are developing a malaria vaccine that would most likely contain
A) white blood cells from the malaria-infected individuals
B) weakened drugs used to treat the symptoms of malaria
C) antibodies made from the malaria-causing organism
D) a weakened form of the malaria-causing organism
D) a weakened form of the malaria-causing organism
An immune response to a usually harmless environmental substance is known as
A) an allergy
B) a mutation
C) a vaccination
D) an antigen
A) an allergy
The uncontrolled division of certain body cells, which then invade the surrounding tissues and interfere with the normal functioning of the body, is known as
A) oogenesis
B) cancer
C) regeneration
D) cleavage
B) cancer
In humans, the maintenance of a stable internal temperature is a direct result of
A) detection of and reaction to stimuli in the environment
B) transport of ATP and locomotion through the environment
C) diffusion of water and excretion of glucose to the external environment
D) digestion of starches and absorption of protein from the internal environment
A) detection of and reaction to stimuli in the environment
An immune response is primarily due to the body's white blood cells recognizing
A) a hormone imbalance
B) known antibiotics
C) abiotic organisms
D) foreign antigens
D) foreign antigens
A direct indication that the white blood cells of the body are functioning would be
A) an increase in the number of oxygen molecules in the lungs
B) an increase of carbon dioxide in the cells of the body
C) a decreased secretion of hormones by certain glands
D) a decrease in the number of pathogens in the body
D) a decrease in the number of pathogens in the body
When people receive organ transplants, they often need to take medications that decrease immune responses because
A) antigens present in these organs attack antibodies already present in the blood
B) hormones present in replacement organs prevent the synthesis of antibiotics
C) transplanted organs produce their own antibiotics
D) transplanted organs contain antigens that can trigger white blood cell activity
D) transplanted organs contain antigens that can trigger white blood cell activity
An increase in the level of hormone A causes an increase in the level of hormone B. The increase in the level of hormone B then causes a decrease in the level of hormone A. This process is an example of
A) the breakdown of chemicals
B) a disruption in cellular coordination
C) a failure to maintain homeostasis
D) a feedback mechanism
D) a feedback mechanism
Drugs to reduce the risk of rejection are given to organ transplant patients because the donated organ contains
A) foreign antibodies
B) foreign antigens
C) DNA molecules
D) pathogenic microbe
B) foreign antigens
An organ, such as a kidney, used for transplant needs to be tested for compatibility with the person who is to receive the organ. If this is not done, the
A) immune system might attack its own body cells
B) donated organ might attack the body
C) donated organ might attack the immune system
D) immune system might attack the donated organ
D) immune system might attack the donated organ
The virus that causes AIDS is damaging to the body because it
A) prevents the normal transmission of nerve impulses
B) targets cells that fight invading microbes
C) causes an abnormally high insulin level
D) attacks specific red blood cells
B) targets cells that fight invading microbes
A dead or weakened pathogen used to establish immunity would most likely be found in
A) a pesticide
B) a vaccine
C) an antibiotic
D) a toxin
B) a vaccine
Which statement is an example of a feedback mechanism in humans?
A) An increase in exercise results in a decrease in the rate of respiration.
B) Increased muscle activity results in a decrease in heart rate.
C) Increased exposure to pathogenic bacteria results in an increase in the number of red blood cells produced.
D) An increase in the level of blood sugar results in the pancreas increasing the amount of insulin it secretes.
D) An increase in the level of blood sugar results in the pancreas increasing the amount of insulin it secretes.
Some people with spinal cord injuries do not sweat below the area of the injury. Without the ability to sweat, the human body temperature begins to rise. Which statement would best describe this situation?
A) Feedback mechanisms regulate blood sugar levels.
B) Gene mutations are increased.
C) Dynamic equilibrium is disrupted.
D) Energy from ATP is not available.
C) Dynamic equilibrium is disrupted.
The hormone adrenaline can affect only cells with
A) ribosomes that produce adrenaline
B) genes that break down adrenaline
C) appropriately shaped receptors
D) the appropriate antibodies
C) appropriately shaped receptors
In 1995, during an Ebola virus outbreak, approximately 80% of the infected individuals died. Which statement is an inference that could be made based on this information?
A) The individuals who survived were able to produce antibodies against the Ebola virus
B) The individuals who survived were not exposed to the Ebola antigens
C) Eighty percent of the population was infected with a viral antigen.
D) Eighty percent of the population had a natural immunity to the Ebola virus.
A) The individuals who survived were able to produce antibodies against the Ebola virus
Some human white blood cells help destroy pathogenic bacteria by
A) inserting part of their DNA into the bacterial cells
B) producing toxins that compete with bacterial toxins
C) engulfing and digesting the bacteria
D) causing mutations in the bacteria
C) engulfing and digesting the bacteria
Worms that had been invaded by bacteria were eaten by a species of bird. Many of these birds died as a result. The most likely explanation for this is that the
A) disease that killed the birds was inherited
B) bacteria interfered with normal life functions of the birds
C) birds produced antigens in response to the bacteria
D) gene alterations in the bacterial cells killed the birds
B) bacteria interfered with normal life functions of the birds
What is represented by the sequence below?
Eat --> Blood sugar increase -->insulin release --> blood sugar drops--> glucagon released --> blood sugar increase
A) an immune response by cells of the pancreas
B) a feedback mechanism in multicellular organisms
C) the disruption of cellular communication
D) differentiation of organic molecules
B) a feedback mechanism in multicellular organisms
Pneumocystis is an organism normally found in the human lungs that can cause pneumonia. It seldom causes problems in individuals with healthy immune systems. However, people with AIDS sometimes become seriously ill with pneumonia. This is most likely due to the fact that individuals with AIDS have
A) an allergy to this organism
B) inherited a tendency to contract pneumonia
C) hormones that strengthen the infection
D) difficulty fighting off infections
D) difficulty fighting off infections