Muscles
The muscles of respiration are divided into these two categories.
Inspiration and expiration
These are the 3 largest cartilages of the larynx.
These are the 3 subsystems of voice production
Respiration, phonation, and resonance
This is the most superficial layer of the vocal folds.
Epithelium
High in the neck
When this muscle contracts, it depresses the abdomen and increases the vertical dimensions of the lungs and thoracic cavity.
The diaphragm
This cartilage sits above the first tracheal ring.
Cricoid
These are 3 basic functions of the larynx.
airway ventilation, airway protection, and phonation for speech
Two environmental factors that may affect the epithelium
humidity, dehydration, pollution, reflux
What we call geriatric changes in voice quality and laryngeal appearance.
Presbylaryngeus
This is an upward fanlike muscle that is active during speech breathing; When it contracts it lowers the rib cage.
Internal Obliques
This cartilage creates the anterior border of the airway column.
Thyroid
This forms the upper rim of the larynx.
Aryepiglottic folds
This layer of the vocal folds is divided into superficial, intermediate, and deep layers.
Lamina Propria
thinned/bowed
This muscle is the sole abductor of the vocal folds.
Posterior cricoarytenoid
When the tips of the vocal processes are pointed laterally, the vocal folds are ____.
Abducted
Do not compress this when performing manual palpation
Carotid artery
This is the only tissue of the vocal folds that is both active and passive.
Vocalis Muscle
By puberty, the larynx has typically descended to this cervical vertebrae
C6-C7
position, length, & tension
These are the 3 paired cartilages of the larynx.
arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
These are some functions of the false vocal folds
Building up subglottal pressure for longer duration while lifting, emesis, childbirth, defecation.
This nerve innervates the vocalis muscle
This is to be expected for a few days after extubation.
Dysphonia