People
First Nations who profited in the fur trade as intermediaries between inland First Nations and European traders.
Who are the middlemen?
People who have a background of Indigenous and European.
Who are the Métis?
The name of the ship Radisson was on, that had to go back to England due to problems on-board.
What is the Eaglet?
Three ways that First Nations people worked for the traders.
Hunting, paddling supply canoes, and making snowshoes.
What is the NWC?
One of the founders of the HBC - was successful in journey to Canada and back to England with furs
Who is Groseilliers?
Exclusive rights to trade or conduct business in a particular area.
What is a monopoly?
This was the year King Charles II granted a charter to effectively bring the HBC into existence.
What is 1670.
The formal process where French traders took First Nations women as wives.
This company had a monopoly over Rupert's Land.
What is the HBC?
The title of a Hudson's Bay Company employee.
What is a bay man?
Coureurs des bois who were given licenses.
Who were the voyageurs?
The group of middlemen and their families that settled near the HBC forts.
What is the home guard?
The people who accompanied explorers and fur traders on their journeys and provided food, prepared furs for travel, and gathered supplies for canoe repairs.
Who were First Nations women?
This company dominated the fur trade with almost 80% of the trade before the two companies merged.
What is the NWC?
Unlicensed fur traders.
Who were the coureurs des bois?
The name of the food that is dried beef mixed with fat and sometimes berries.
What is a pemmican?
The name of the unit of currency in the fur trade - a prime beaver pelt that had been worn until most of the long outer hair had been worn off.
What is a "made-beaver"?
These 4 diseases, among others, devastated First Nations on the Atlantic coast and around the Great Lakes as fur traders moved west.
What are smallpox, influenza, measles, and scarlet fever.
- NWC was owned and operated by men who knew the business because they worked in it.
- Many of the partners had firsthand knowledge of the challenges of the land (transportation).
- Many of the partners had existing relationships with First Nations partners.
- Skilled and experienced voyageurs
The fur trader who was the founding partner of the NWC.
Who is Simon McTavish?
When one group of people starts to adopt another language or culture.
What is acculturation?
This was the event that happened in 1821.
The merger of NWC and HBC.
The uneven distribution of these among First Nations resulted in deadly conflicts between communities.
What are firearms?
Name the disadvantages the HBC had.
- Primarily English noblemen; didn't understand the business
- Located in London - very little knowledge of the land and people
- Interest was financial
- Knowledge was secondhand, at best
- Only some HBC employees learned First Nations languages and adopted customs