Adult Language/Speech
A speech-language pathologist (SLP working in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) has been assigned to design a treatment plan for a long-term resident. The patient was diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia 5 years earlier and is considered to be in the mid-stage of the disorder. She has one daughter who is concerned about her, but who lives far across the country. The patient has been increasingly agitated and difficult for clinical staff to interact with. The intervention of GREATEST BENEFIT would be:
A. A course of melodic intonation therapy (MIT) to increase phrase lengths and improve fluency of verbal output.
B. Using a simulated presence therapy technique, in which taped messages are played to the individual with dementia in times of agitation.
C. Using caregiver-administered active cognitive stimulation techniques, in which the SLP assists the family member in administering cognitive stimulating tasks such as playing card games and completing puzzles.
D. Training the patient on the use of a computerized augmentative communication system, such as Dynavox.
B. Using a simulated presence therapy technique, in which taped messages are played to the individual with dementia in times of agitation.
Sean is an elderly gentleman with severe flaccid dysarthria and right hemiparesis caused by a large left hemispheric infarction. Prior to sustaining his stroke, Sean was declared legally blind, secondary to macular degeneration. Sean has been experiencing difficulty with verbal expression and has made few gains in treatment. His speech-language pathologist (SLP) has decided to implement an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) approach to treatment in order to increase Sean's communicative effectiveness. Which intervention would be of the MOST benefit?
A. Augmentative device utilizing line drawings
B. Augmentative device with auditory scanning
C. Alphabet board supplementation
D. Augmentative device utilizing eye gaze system
B. Augmentative device with auditory scanning
Compared to voiced stops, word-initial voiceless stops in English are expected to have a:
A. Shorter voice onset time (VOT)
B. Longer VOT
C. More compact spectrum
D. More diffuse spectrum
B. Longer VOT
A patient arrives at an acute rehabilitation hospital, following a hip replacement surgery. The physician has asked the speech-language pathologist (SLP) to perform a full evaluation of the patient, with suspicions of cognitive changes postsurgery. After performing the evaluation, the SLP documented a hoarse/rough vocal quality, which the patient reported was not there prior to the surgery. The SLP determines that the patient has not received adequate hydration and is consuming too much coffee during hospitalization. Which intervention should be utilized?
A. Vocal hygiene information
B. Medialization laryngoplasty
C. Consultation with the physician for appropriate prescription drugs
D. No treatment is necessary
A. Vocal hygiene information
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in private practice has been assigned to evaluate a new patient, who has recently moved into the area. After reading the patient's intake file, the SLP realizes that the patient has been utilizing an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device for communicative purposes for the last few years. The description of the patient's AAC device is as follows "a functional computer that utilizes communicative software. The patient is also able to utilize the Internet on their device and has few gaming apps for personal enjoyment." Which statement BEST describes this patient's AAC device?
A. The patient is utilizing a mid-tech, nondedicated AAC device.
B. The patient is utilizing a no-tech, dedicated AAC device.
C. The patient is utilizing a high-tech, nondedicated AAC device.
D. The patient is utilizing a low-tech, dedicated AAC device.
C. The patient is utilizing a high-tech, nondedicated AAC device.
A patient with a diagnosis of flaccid dysarthria exhibits mild hypernasality. It was noted during visualization of the velopharyngeal system that the patient was able to achieve closure of the velopharyngeal port, but not consistently. The therapy of GREATEST BENEFIT in this case would be:
A. Fit the patient with a palatal lift.
B. Teach the patient to speak with increased effort.
C. Strengthen the velopharyngeal muscles as a group through nonspeech strengthening exercises.
D. Improve velopharyngeal port closure through pharyngeal flap surgery.
B. Teach the patient to speak with increased effort.
A school-aged, pediatric patient with cerebral palsy has been brought to an outpatient augmentative communication clinic by their parents, in order to participate in a comprehensive augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) evaluation. According to the child's parents, the patient had been working with a Go Pro AAC system at school, but now that the school is on summer vacation, the school has mandated that the device be returned. The parents are now hoping to receive a device for use at home, in order to promote their child's communication. Which barrier to communication is this patient experiencing?
A. Policy barrier
B. Skill barrier
C. Practice barrier
D. Access barrier
C. Practice barrier
A person with hearing loss has complained that listening to conversational partners in noisy restaurants is very difficult. However, they still enjoy going out to eat with family and friends, regardless of this difficulty. Which level of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning (ICF) BEST describes this person's hearing problem?
A. Activity limitation
B. Impairment
C. Participation restriction
D. Behavioral limitation
A. Activity limitation
Secondary stuttering behaviors provide clinical significance in evaluation of the stuttering in children. Which of the following statement is MOST ACCURATE with regard to the significance of secondary behaviors?
A. They indicate that the PWS is more likely to stutter as an adult
B. They indicate that the PWS is exhibiting fear and embarrassment
C. They indicate that the PWS is using escape and avoidance behaviors to deal with their stuttering.
C. They indicate that the PWS is using escape and avoidance behaviors to deal with their stuttering.
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has finished analyzing the data collected ruing his research study and has found that the p value is 0.04. Due to this level of statistical significance, the SLP may decide to reject which of the following?
A. Hypothesis
B. Null hypothesis
C. Means of analysis
D. Conclusion
B. Null hypothesis
A patient is in the emergency department of a hospital following a massive motorcycle accident. After receiving a computerized tomography (CT) scan, the patient is revealed to have sustained diffuse, bilateral hemispheric damage. Later results from a speech and language evaluation show that the patient has a strained-strangled vocal quality, hypernasality during speech activities and a slow, effortful rate of speech. Based on this information, the patient would MOST LIKELY be diagnosed with which motor speech disorder?
A. Hypokinetic dysarthria
B. Flaccid dysarthria
C. Ataxic dysarthria
D. Spastic dysarthria
D. Spastic dysarthria
Anthony has recently been admitted to a skilled nursing facility, following a large left middle cerebral artery infarction. He was previously diagnosed with severe Broca's aphasia and verbal apraxia, and his verbal expression is characterized by content words, paraphasias and overly stereotyped utterances. However, Anthony has relatively preserved cognitive skills, including memory and attention. The speech-language pathologist assigned to work with Anthony believes he would benefit from augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention. Which of the following approaches would Anthony MOST LIKELY benefit from?
A. Supplemental verbal expression with an eye gaze system.
B. Provision of a speech-generating device.
C. Supplemental verbal expression with writing.
D. Supplemental verbal expression with a picture board.
D. Supplemental verbal expression with a picture board.
The SLP wants to use acoustic measurements of /r/ to document a child's progress in producing the sound. the BEST measurement to make is the amount of movement in:
A. F0
B. F1
C. F2
D. F3
D. F3
Mary is a junior high student who has been working with a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in therapy for the past 6 months. Mary's therapy has focused on fluency-shaping activities primarily. Which of the following techniques was probably used during these sessions?
A. Cancellation
B. Avoidance treatment
C. Counseling
D. Operant conditioning to reinforce moments of fluency
D. Operant conditioning to reinforce moments of fluency
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) is tutoring a teenager who is writing a report for her science class. The student's difficulties with setting her goals and organizing an approach to her writing are consistent with deficits in which component area of writing?
A. Translating
B. Planning
C. Reviewing
D. Spelling
B. Planning
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital is working with a patient who displays the following symptoms: poor ability to explain the meaning of metaphorical language, inability to produce a melody when asked to sing, hemiplegia, tendency to bump into items on the patient's left side when using a wheelchair. These are diagnostic characteristics of:
A. A large brainstem stroke
B. A left-hemisphere cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
C. Dementia with Lewy bodies
D. A right-hemisphere CVA
D. A right-hemisphere CVA
Rebecca is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) working in a rehabilitation hospital. She has recently begun working with a patient who developed severe spastic dysarthria following a significant motor vehicle accident. Rebecca believes that this patient is a candidate for an augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device while in the hospital and wishes to prioritize essential messages for recording on the device. Specifically, Rebecca wishes to record words such as hungry, thirsty, and bathroom. What type of vocabulary does Rebecca wish to record for this patient?
A. Fringe vocabulary
B. Developmental vocabulary
C. Inventory vocabulary
D. Coverage vocabulary
D. Coverage vocabulary
American Sign Language (ASL) is a visual-spatial language used by persons who are deaf/Deaf in the United States and has several unique characteristics. Which of the following statements BEST describes ASL?
A. ASL is completely dependent on hand movements only
B. ASL is dependent on direction, but not speed, of movement
C. ASL utilizes facial expression to mark idioms
D. ASL utilizes its own grammar and syntax
D. ASL utilizes its own grammar and syntax
A patient has overcome a lengthy sickness with resultant voice difficulties. Following a voice evaluation at an acute care hospital, the patient is diagnosed with viral-induced superior laryngeal nerve damage. With which of the following difficulties would this patient MOST LIKELY present?
A. Maintaining phonation
B. Controlling respiration
C. Changing pitch
D. Valving the nasal cavity
C. Changing pitch
To facilitate performance in the speech of a 4-year-old with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), the clinician instructs the child to produce a word produced incorrectly a second time. Before the clinician had the child repeat the word again, specific feedback was provided regarding how to produce the movement more successfully. What type of feedback was provided?
A. Blocked practice
B. Knowledge of performance
C. Variable practice
D. Knowledge of results
B. Knowledge of performance
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been working with a patient who has flaccid dysarthria. After many weeks of therapy, the SLP has decided to refer the patient for a palatal lift fitting. Adequate fitting of a palatal lift should result in which of the following outcomes for this patient?
A. Occlusion of the nares during tidal breathing.
B. Improvements in phonation for sustained vowels.
C. Production of perceptually distinct nasal consonants.
D. Increase in nasal emissions during running speech.
C. Production of perceptually distinct nasal consonants.
Mary is a 47-year-old with progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Her disease has progressed significantly enough to affect verbal communication; however, she maintains limited use of the fingers on her left hand. Her speech-language pathologist (SLP) has been updating Mary's augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) device so it utilizes alternate access to aid in Mary's communication. Mary's device now highlights each item in the first row of a selection set, followed by the second row, etc., until Mary makes a selection. What type of access has the SLP begun utilizing with Mary's device?
A. Linear scanning
B. Circular scanning
C. Row-column scanning
D. Group item scanning
A. Linear scanning
In examining a spectrogram of the phrase Say sheep produced by a male speaker, you notice that the lower limit of high-amplitude energy noise for both /s/ and /S/ is near 2500 hertz (Hz). This MOST LIKELY indicates that:
A. /s/ is being produced too far back in the mouth
B. /s/ is being produced too far forward in the mouth
C. /S/ is being produced too far back in the mouth
D. /S/ is being produced too far forward in the mouth
A. /s/ is being produced too far back in the mouth
After undergoing open heart surgery, a patient emerges from anesthesia to find that the patient is presenting with a significantly hypophonic, breathy voice. After a few days in recovery, the patient's vocal quality has not improved, and a referral for otolaryngology and speech-language pathology consult is made. Based on the information given, what condition will most likely be discovered upon endoscopy?
A. Vocal fold polyps
B. Presbylaryngeus
C. Vocal fold paralysis
D. Arytenoid granuloma
C. Vocal fold paralysis
A speech-language pathologist (SLP) in private practice was recently reported for violating the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Code of Ethics. ASHA has provided a sanction in which the SLP was officially rebuked, which was published to the membership of ASHA. Which sanction was leveled against this SLP?
A. Reprimand
B. Revocation
C. Censure
D. Withholding
C. Censure