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What is epidemiology?
Study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in defined populations.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Provides organizing and analyzing data in order to understand variations in disease frequency geographically and over time.
What is analytical epidemiology?
Involves identifying possible causes for diseases.
What is epidemic?
Rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time.
What is pandemic?
A disease that spread over whole country or world.
What is active primary prevention?
Requires behavioral change on individuals part.
What is passive primary prevention?
Exercising, a persons diet and to stop smoking. All of these contribute to ones health.
Food, water and feces are examples of...?
A reservoir.
Disease transmission begins where?
At the reservoir.
What is descriptive epidemiology?
Characterization of the distribution of health-related states or events.
What are the three levels of prevention?
Primary, secondary and tertiary.
Describe the first prevention
(Primary Prevention) Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
Describe the second prevention
(Secondary Prevention) Screening for disease and preventing further spread.
Describe the third prevention
(Tertiary Prevention) Improving treatment and recovery
What are the three methods of the primary prevention?
1. Health promotion
2. Health education
3. Health protection
What is the role of epidemiology in public health?
Advocation that communicates and encourages change that is deemed to have positive effects.
What are the disease transmission concepts?
Direct and indirect contact.
Give examples of direct contact
Person to person contact and droplet spread.
Give examples of indirect contact
Airborne transmission, contaminated objects, food and drinking water, animals and insects.
Describe the epidemiology triangle
Model for explaining the organism causing the disease and the conditions that allow it to reproduce and spread.
Who is John Graunt?
Considered to be founder of science demography.
The statistical study of human populations.
What did James Lind do?
Conducted first clinical trial and developed theory that citrus fruits cured scurvy.
What vaccine did Edward Jenner contribute to?
Smallpox vaccine.
What fever did Ignaz Semmelweis discover the incidence of?
Puerperal fever.
John Snow used his work to trace what outbreak?
The cholera outbreak.