DNA Structure
The material which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria are composed.
What is Chromatin?
3 bases of mRNA
What is a codon?
The specific phase in which DNA Replication takes place.
What is Synthesis/the S phase?
the purpose of the cell cycle
what is cell division
A mutation that changes the amino acid.
What is a missense mutation?
A compound structure at the end of a chromosome.
What is a telomere?
an organism's traits are based on the proteins made from the DNA's code/instructions.
What is protein synthesis (gene expression)?
The name of the base pairing rule that states which bases go together.
WHat is Chargaff's Rule?
the greatest amount of time spent in a phase of the cell cycle
what is interphase
mutations that occur when a piece of DNA is cut out of a chromosome, flipped around and reinserted in a reverse orientation.
What is an Inversion?
A set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization.
What is a homologous chromosome?
found within cytoplasm carries the genetic information copied from DNA and transcribes the genetic code from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make proteins.
What is mRNA?
The bases on one strand of DNA that would pair with the strand ATGGCTA.
What is TACCGAT?
the phase in which the sister chromatids are pulled apart
what is anaphase
A mutation that changes the amino acid to “STOP”
What is a nonsense mutation?
Each of the 2 thread-like strands into which chromosomes divide longitudinally during cell division.
translate the mRNA codons by making an anti-codon.
What is tRNA?
The enzyme that matches bases on the parental strands with complementary free nucleotides.
What is polymerase?
if one cell takes 12 hours to divide, after 48 hours how many cells are there
what is 16
A single base pair is changed producing a mutation.
What is a substitution?
A genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in cytoplasm.
What is a plasmid?
The translated sequence: TCACCTAGTGTT
What is the translated sequence of: AGUGGAUCACAA
The enzyme that creates an RNA primer, which tells the other enzymes where to start and stop.
What is primase?
a process in which the organism kills the damaged cells to prevent it from dividing
apoptosis
Mutations of deletions and insertions automatically cause a _________, meaning the reading “frame” changes and ultimately changes the amino acid sequence. This then changes the protein.
What is a frameshift?