Anatomy
Term used for non displaced fracture of pars interarticularis. (also a beloved canine breed)
Spondylolysis
O: AIIS
I: Proximal border of patella, through patella to infra patella tendon into tibial tubercle
A: Knee extension, hip flexion
Rectus Femoris
What does cotton test, test for
Caused by valgus force to knee joint.
Weakness or instability.
Swelling, locking, catching.
MCL Sprain
How is functional/apparent leg length measured
umbilicus to medial malleolus
Name the 4 ligaments of the deltoid complex
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
O: ASIS
I: Pes anserine into proximal medial flare of tibia
A: Flexes, laterally rotates and abducts hip, flexes and medially rotates the knee
Sartorius
What does the pivot shift test, test for
Anterolateral knee instability, ACL
Caused by a direct fall on knee.
Can be graded 1-3
Swelling, knee pain, instability
PCL Sprain
This is used to measure a a patients posture and help to reveal any faulty alignment in the body
plumb line
This nerve innervates the anterior compartment
deep peroneal nerve
O: Superior 2/3 of iliac fossa, internal lip of iliac crest
I: Lateral side of tendon of Psoas major just distal to the lesser trochanter
A: Flexes hip
Iliacus
Describe the posterior sag test and what it tests for
Patient supine, hip flexed to 90 degrees and knee flexed to 90 degrees. Assess tibial tuberosity (sag).
PCL pathology
Caused by increased muscular loads, high volume twisting, running, cutting, kicking activities.
Strain or tear of any soft tissue in the lower abdomen or groin area.
Pain in groin, no palpable defect.
Athletic Pubalgia
This bursa is on an extension of the knees joint capsule
Suprapatellar bursa
4 Purposes of the meniscus
-Cusion(shock absorption)
-deepen the joint
-assist in spreading lubricants
-increase joint stability
O: Posterior surface of head and proximal 1/3 of shaft of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial boarder of tibia
I: With gastrocnemius into posterior surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon
A: Plantar flexes ankle
Soleus
Describe Slocum test and what it tests for
Perform an anterior drawer
IR = ACL and lateral structures
ER = ACL and medial structures
Fracture through the proximal femoral physis. Develops as a consequence of increased stress across the weakened physis.
Head of the femur no longer sits squarely on the neck of the femur.
Can be stable or unstable, groin pain, limited internal rotation, shorter affected leg.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Name the posterior projection of the talus that can often become fractured
Stiedas process
Structures that make up the femoral triangle
-Sartorius (laterally)
-Adductor longus (medially)
O: Inner surfaces of cartilages of lower 6 ribs, internal lip of iliac crest, lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament
I: Pubic crest, linea alba
A: Acts like a girdle to flatten abdominal wall
Transverse Abdominis
Describe trendelenburg test and what it tests for
Standing with weight evenly distributed on both feet. Patient lifts the leg opposite the side being tested.
Positive test = pelvis lowers on the non weight bearing side
Gluteus Medius
Caused by a lack of blood supply to the femoral head.
Necrosis of the femoral head.
Knee or hip pain, gradual onset of pain, deep pain in groin.
Legg Calves Perthes
How angle inclination is measured and what is the angle under normal circumstances
Angle is formed by meeting axis of femoral shaft with respect to long axis of femoral neck and head
125 degrees