Rocks and Minerals
What are the three main types of rocks and how are they formed?
Sedimentary - layers of rock pierces and other materials that have settled over time
Metamorphic - heat and pressure are applied to sedimentary or igneous
Igneous - magma or lava cools and hardens
What is a mostly flat and level area of land?
Plain
The removal of soil and rocks by wind and water is called...
erosion
Define the following types of sudden changes
Landslide, Mudslide, and Avalanche
Landslide - large amounts of dry soil and rock slide down a steep slope
Mudslide - large amounts of wet soil and rock slide down a steep slope
Avalanche - large amounts of snow, soil, and rock slide down a steep slope
Sedimentary rock
Rock formed form layers of rock pieces and other materials that have been deposited over time
What is the rock cycle
The process through which rocks change from one form to another.
a landform that usually rises at least 2,000 above the earth's surface
Mountains
True or False - Erosion is a quick change to the earth's surface.
False
What are the 4 layers of the earth? (Start in the center and work your way out)
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Define magma and Lava
Lava - melted rock above the earth's surface
What are rocks made out of?
Minerals
low-lying land surounded by higher ground
How can ice cause erosion on a concrete road?
Water fills in the cracks. When it freezes, it expands and pushes against the walls of the crack to make it larger.
how can a volcano change the earth's surface?
When a volcano erupts under water, it can create a new landform
When a volcano erupts above water, it can cause lava to spew out destroying everything in its path
It can blow itself up
Define Earthquakes
The shaking of the earth's surface
What are 3 ways that scientists categorize rocks.
Hardness, color, luster (the ways it shines)
Land that is completely surrounded by water
Island
How can a large body of water cause erosion and weathering on a coastline
The constant batter of waves cause the land of the coastline to be broken down and carried away.
What are the three types of earthquakes?
push, grind, pull
Define tsunami
A series of large ocean waves that are caused by an under water earthquake or a volcanic eruption.
Describe the process of sedimentary rock becoming metamorphic rock
Heat and pressure changes sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock
Coastlines
What is a fault line?
a crack in the earth's crust
What causes a tsunami and how can it change the earth's surface?
A earthquake in the ocean can cause a tsunami
The waves, which can travel up to 500 mph at 100 feet high will wipe out anything in its path.
Ring of Fire
a large area where two plates meet and often bump against each other causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.