Meningitis
The three membranes that envelope the brain and spinal cord
What is the pia, arachnoid, and dura mater ?
The key cell involved in myelination of the central nervous system
What is the oligodendrocyte ?
Decreased levels of this neurotransmitter in the substantia nigra is thought to play a major pathophysiologic role in Parkinson's disease
What is dopamine ?
Medication often used in the management of acute coronary syndrome that is a notorious cause of headache
What is nitrates ?
Also accept: Nitroglycerin
The Glasgow coma scale takes into account these three clinical findings
What is eye opening, motor response, and verbal response ?
Passive flexion of the neck resulting in spontaneous flexion of the hips and knees
What is Brudzinski's sign ?
Treatment that will shorten an acute attack of multiple sclerosis and, possibly, decrease the subsequent lesion burden
What is corticosteroids ?
Medical term that describes the abnormally small, cramped handwriting and/or progressively smaller and smaller handwriting often seen in association with Parkinson's disease
What is micrographia ?
Abortive therapy used for the high intensity headache characterized by rhinorrhea, lacrimation, conjunctival injection and appearing 10x more frequently in men as compared to women
What is 100% oxygen ?
Also accept: sumatriptan
Condition suggested by raccoon eyes, Battle sign, CSF rhinorrhea, and CSF ottorrhea
What is basilar skull fracture ?
Also accept: base of the skull fracture
In adults older than 55, or adults of any age with a history of alcoholism or debilitating illness, ampicillin is added to traditional empiric acute bacterial meningitis therapy to cover for infection with this organism
What is Listeria monocytogenes ?
Inflammatory condition seen in multiple sclerosis characterized by eye pain with eye movement, monocular vision loss and afferent pupillary defect
What is optic neuritis ?
This medication benefits the classic motor features of Parkinson's disease, prolongs independence & employability, improves quality of life, increases lifespan, and remains the gold standard of Parkinson's disease treatment
What is levodopa ?
Also accept: Levodopa - carbidopa
Medication that may alleviate symptoms of benign intracranial hypertension although is classically used to treat altitude sickness
What is acetazolamide ?
This test is positive if a patient falls to the ground after being instructed to close their eyes while standing upright with their feet together and hands by their side
What is Romberg sign ?
Medical term that describes decreased glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid
What is hypoglycorrachia ?
The two first line options for maintenance therapy in multiple sclerosis
What is glatiramer and interferon B ?
Violent movements and vocalizations during sleep, possibly representing acting out of dreams, and a commonly associated condition of Parkinson's disease
What is REM sleep behavior disorder?
Laboratory abnormality seen in the condition characterized by age > 50, headache, pain with combing the hair, and jaw claudication
What is elevated ESR ?
Also accept: Elevated CRP, anemia of chronic inflammation
Condition characterized by acute onset of choreiform movements and behavioral disturbances in a child or adolescent with a recent sore throat
What is Syndenham's chorea ?
Also accept: St. Vitus Dance
CSF laboratory findings in tuberculous meningitis (comment on cell count, cell type, protein level, & glucose level)
What is increased WBC count, lymphocyte predominance, (markedly) increased protein level, and (markedly) decreased glucose level ?
Conduction block of nerve impulses, as a result of fever, exercise, or exposure to warm climate, that results in worsening of multiple sclerosis symptomatology
What is Uhthoff's phenomenon ?
Anti - emetic agent that can induce acute dystonia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia
What is metoclopramide ?
Also accept: Prochlorperazine
Hypertensive crisis, headache, seizure, altered mental status and brain MRI showing symmetrical hyper intense T2/FLAIR signal abnormalities in the subcortical posterior parieto-occipital white matter
What is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ?
Dystonic contraction of the eyelids with increased blinking sometimes so severe as to cause functional blindness
What is blepharospasm ?