Igneous
A rock that is ultramafic. Sample 9
What is Perdotite?
Rock that forms in swamp environment. Sample 17
What is coal?
The 2 textures used to describe metamorphic rocks.
What are foliated and non-foliated?
The pre-existing rock that experiences high levels of pressure and/or temperature to form metamorphic rocks.
What is a protolith/parent rock?
The forces that cause rocks to undergo metamorphosis.
The key property difference between Basalt and Vesicular Basalt (Scoria) Samples 5 and 8
What is texture? (Basalt-Aphanitic, Scoria-Vesicular)
2 environments that shale can form in. Sample 12
What are deep marine and low energy lakes?
The property that described the level of deformation (pressure and temperature) a rock has undergone.
What is metamorphic grade?
Terms used to describe location of formation for igneous rocks.
Two other types of sedimentary rock compositions other than grains.
What are fossils and crystals?
A rock that has intermediate composition, porphyritic texture and formed by a combo of intrusive and extrusive environment. Sample 3
What is Andesite?
2 environments sandstone forms in. Sample 14
What are the beach/desert/rivers?
Can be a protolith of Slate, Schist and Gneiss. Samples 18, 19, 20
What is shale (Sample 12)?
Terms used to describe grain sorting.
What are well, moderate and poorly sorted?
Terms that describe the compositions of Igneous rocks.
What are felsic, intermediate, mafic and ultramafic?
A rock with mafic composition, phaneritic texture and formed intrusively. Sample 4
What is Gabbro?
2 poorly sorted rocks and their respective depositional environments. (NQF)
Arkose Sample 13- Mountain/Near source rock
Conglomerate Sample 15- Rivers
The names of 2 non-foliated metamorphic rocks/their protoliths.
What are marble(22) / limestone(10/11) and quartzite(21) / sandstone(14)?
What is Lithification/Cementation?
Composition of rocks from mantle melt vs crustal melt. (NQF)
Mantle melt = mafic rocks
Crustal melt = felsic rocks
Name the 4 felsic rocks and 1 distinct property of each. (NQF) Hints: All igneous. Sample 6.
1.) Granite Sample 1- Formed intrusively / Phaneritic
2.) Rhyolite Sample 2- Can be porphorytic or aphanitic / Can form extrusively or by combo
3.) Obsidian Sample 6 - Glassy Texture
4.) Pumice Sample 7 - Vesicular Texture
3 rocks that are formed in a shallow marine environment. (NQF) Samples 10, 11, and 16
1.) Dolostone
2.) Chemical/Crystalline Limestone
3.) Fossiliferous Limestone
3 foliated metamorphic rocks and their metamorphic grades. (NQF) Samples 18, 19, 20
1.) Gneiss - High
2.) Schist - Medium
3.) Slate - Low
List 3 of the 5 igneous textures and what they describe (definitions). (NQF)
1.) Phaneritic - (a) Visible grains. (b) large enough crystals to see without aid.
2.) Aphanitic - Grains too small to see without microscope/thin section
3.) Porphyritic - (a)Two distinctly different grain sizes. (b) Larger crystals surrounded by aphanitic textured rock. (c) Formed from combo of intrusive/extrusive environments.
4.) Vesicular- (a) holes/vesicles in extrusive igneous rocks. (b) Form from air trapped in lava as it cools
5.) Glassy- lava cooled too quickly for crystals to form.
What does grain size say about deposition environment of a rock?
What does grain angularity say about the deposition environment of a rock?
(NQF)
Grain size - Energy of where rock was deposited
Grain Angularity - Distance from source where rock was deposited