Structure
Chromosomes that appear similar and carry the same locations of genes but have different alleles.
What is a homologous chromosome?
The phase in which chromosomes are lined up along the center of the cell.
What is metaphase?
Meiosis only happens in this type of cells.
What are gametes?
A tumor that spreads to other tissues.
What is a malignant tumor?
Protein that regulates cell cycle.
What is cyclin?
Location of a gene on a chromosome.
What is a locus?
The process of dividing genetic material during mitosis. In animal cells, the cell utilizes centioles, filaments, and aster to separate chromosomes.
What is karyokinesis?
46 chromosomes
A tumor that does not spread to other tissues.
What is a benign tumor?
When the cell checks cell size, available nutrients, and ensures DNA is undamaged.
What is the G1/S checkpoint?
Two homologous chromosomes during crossing over.
What is a tetrad?
Instead of forming a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis, plants make this structure to divide cells.
What is the cell plate?
The proteins involved with forming the cleavage furrow in animal cells.
What are actin and myosin?
A tumor that can break off and enter either the blood or lymphatic system in order to invade another area of the body.
What is a metastatic tumor?
Checkpoint that ensures all chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
What is late metaphase or spindle checkpoint?
Material that binds synaptically active chromosomes to each other
What is cohesin?
Term meaning 1/2 the normal number of chromosomes.
Haploid cells
A chromosome with a centromere in the middle of the chromosome.
What is a metameric chromosome?
A specialized cell (like a neuron) reverting to its unspecialized state.
What is dedifferentiation?
Phase where cell commits to undergo mitosis.
What is the G2/M checkpoint?
The physical site of crossing over.
What are chiasmata?
Structure that pushes cells apart during cytokineses.
What are polar microtubules?
Phase where crossing over occurs.
What is prophase I?
A cell multiplying uncontrollably because it does not sense that other cells are crowding the area.
What is loss of contact inhibition?
A combination of the cyclin (a regulatory protein) and cyclin dependent kianase (CDK) that catalyzes the start of M phase.
What is M-phase promoting factor?