Phonology
BROAD phonemic vs NARROW phonetic
BROAD:
-abstract description of a sound
/dag/
NARROW:
-actual production by an individual (much more detail)
[dad]
Which measures of central tendency would be used for which scales of measurement?
4 scales exist:
1. Nominal
2. Ordinal
3. Interval
4. Ratio
Acoustics
study of physical properties of sound and how sounds is generate and propagated
ABR: Effects of stimulus level..
*As click level decreases, wave latency __________ and amplitude __________
As click level decreases, wave latency increases and amplitude decreases
Treatment of Otitis Media
Pressure Equalization Tubes (PE tubes)
Which consonant inventory would you be most likely to see in a typically developing 24-month-old?
/b, d, t, g, m, n, w, j, h, s/
Skewness
refers to the position of the tail of the distribution
--> Negative skew: tail in the negative direction
--> Positive skew: tail in the positive direction
rarefraction
thinning of air molecules when the vibrating object returns to equlilibrium ( opposite of condensation)
AEPs are __________ activity in the Central Auditory Pathway in response to an __________ stimulus
AEPs are electrical activity in the Central Auditory Pathway in response to an auditory stimulus
Cholesteatoma- what is it?
ME tumors are rare but the formation of cholesteoma is not uncommon when _______________ remains for long periods of time
A pocket that forms in the upper part of the ME because invasion of skin cells through a perforation or retraction of pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane.
ME infection
Suppression of processes in TD:
Disappeared by age 3:
F: final consonant deletion
U: unstressed syllable deletion
R: reduplication
P: prevocalic voicing
V: velarization
C: consonant assimilation
Kurtosis
refers to the "peakedness" of the distribution
Skewness and kurtosis are the measures of variance least often reported for data sets
-Lepto means skinny;
-Platy and "flatty"
aperiodic waves
VS
periodic waves
are those that do not repeat themselves at regular intervals: vibratory patterns are random and difficult to predict from one time interval to the next.
are sound waves that repeat themselves at regular intervals
Conductive loss (by itself) affects only the ______ ______ thresholds
_______ conduction will be within normal limits
AIR CONDUCTION
BONE
-Many causes of SNHL result from damage to the _____________, Usually _____________
-HL that is not merely "attenuation" of sound, but also a loss of the _____________
-Many causes of SNHL result from damage to the cochlea, Usually PERMANENT
-HL that is not merely "attenuation" of sound, but also a loss of the clarity of speech
Persisting after age 3:
Persisting after age 3:
G: gliding
E: epenthesis
F: final devoicing
S: stopping
V: vocalization
C: cluster reduction
D: depalatalization
How does standard deviation affect curve shape?
If there is more spread of scores, the curve will be larger, more flat
It will be more narrow if the SD is low
simple harmonic motion
back and forth movement of particles when the movement is symetrical and periodic. AKA a sine wave
Middle Ear Pathologies
-Otitis Media
-Cholesteatoma
-Ossicular discontinuity
-Otosclerosis
Vestibular system tells you two things...
1. Relation to gravity (which way is up?)
2. Where am I going?
Evidence-Based Practice
(EBP) integrates what?
1. best available external evidence
2. best available evidence internal to clinical practice
3. best available evidence concerning the preferences of the patient
How do effect size and sample size interact?
Effect size can be used to help determine sample size
Small effect size = larger sample size
if effect size is small- may miss subtle effects of IV on DV
Large effect size = smaller sample size
if effect size is large- can be limited importance
- results can expensive to replicate
** The larger the effect size, the smaller sample size you will require and the smaller the chance that you will not notice a change
sinusoidal motion/wave
wave with horizontal and vertical symmetry because it contains one peak or crest and one valley or trough. contain a single frequency and is the result of simple harmonic motion
What is Otitis Media?
What are the classifications of OM?
Inflammation of the ME cavity
1. Temporal sequence of the disease
-Acute Otitis Media
-Chronic Otitis Media
2. Type of Fluid
-Serous Otitis Media: Fluid is free of cellular debris and bacteria- "not infected"
-Suppurative Otitis Media: Purulent, fluid contains white blood cells, cellular debris, bacteria- "Infected"
Bony labyrinth contains...
Membranous labyrinth contains...
perilymph
endolymph