Define it!
Define Speech
Speech is the oral expression of language
Other definitions:
1.Medium of oral communication that uses a linguistic code (language); through this medium one can express thoughts and feelings and understand those of others who use the same code.
2. Communication through vocal symbols.
3. Motor act of respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonation.
What is Phonology?
Phonology is the phoneme patterns that are governed by the rules of a specific language which lead to meaning within the language
Other definitions:
1. The study of the sound system of a language, including pauses and stresses
2. The phoneme patterns that are governed by the rules of a specific language which lead to meaning within the language
Indicate whether the parents’ concerns are related to speech or language.
Speech
Choose the correct area of language associated with the therapy goal below
When presented with categories, Sophia will name at least 3 items that belong in the named category.
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics
Morphology
Phonology
Semantics
Tommy was a very easy baby. His mother remembers that he was happy to lie in his crib for hours on end, watching his mobile. By age 2, Tommy was using long, complicated sentences and knew the name of every model of vehicle on the road, as well as the names of most of the parts of their engines. At age 4, he took apart the family lawn mower and put it back together. However, his preschool teacher was concerned about him. He took almost no interest in the other children, choosing, when he spoke, to speak only to adults. When he did talk, he invariably asked complex but inappropriate questions on his few topics of interest, such as mechanical objects. He dwelled incessantly on a few events that were of great importance to him, such as the time the doors of the family car would not open. Tommy seemed very bright in many ways and did well on an IQ test that was part of his kindergarten screening. But in social settings, he just did not know how to relate, and his language was used primarily to talk about his own preoccupations rather than real interactions.
Is Tommy demonstrating normal language development? Why or why not?
Tommy may have some social communication difficulties. Let's take a look at the norms
Why should we consider assessing narrative language skills?
multiple responses
Narrative analysis provides information regarding children’s use of language in a naturalistic context
Good predictor of language and academic ability
Oral narratives provide a representation of how children, comprehend, organize, and produce language
Define language
1. Language is a system in which rules or regularities, guide which coded symbols may be combined with other symbols and in what order and what symbols can be used in what situations.
2. Language is a code whereby ideas about the world are represented through a conventional system of arbitrary signals for communication
3. Any accepted, structured, symbolic system for interpersonal communication composed of sounds arranged in ordered sequence to form words, with rules for combining these words into sequences or strings that express thoughts, intentions, experiences, and feelings; comprised of a phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic components.
What is semantics?
Semantics- the vocabulary of a language, or the lexicon
Other definitions
The study of meaning in language, includes the relations between language, thought, and behavior.
The study of meanings of speech forms, especially of the development and changes in meanings of words and word group
Indicate whether the parents’ concerns are related to speech or language.
Language
Choose the correct area of language associated with the therapy goal below
During structured conversation, Lyric will maintain the topic of conversation for at least three conversational turns.
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics
Morphology
Phonology
Pragmatics
Ariel is a 4-year-old Pre-K student. A screener was conducted due to teacher concerns regarding her communication skills. Below is a summary of her results.
She demonstrates the ability to understand and use a variety of vocabulary. She uses complete sentences to comment, ask and answer questions. She demonstrates an understanding of pronouns and possessives. However, in her spontaneous speech, she uses the pronoun “her” in place of “she”. In the area of social skills, Ariel demonstrated age-appropriate use of language when interacting with an adult.
In the area of speech, Ariel demonstrated articulation and phonological patterns of errors. She exhibited difficulty with “ch”, “sh”, /l/, and “sp”. She said “gog” for “dog”, “fider” for “spider”, “kicken” for “chicken”, “sue” for “shoe”, and “yamp” for “lamp”. She demonstrated distortions with /s/.
Is Ariel demonstrating normal language development? Why or why not? Would you conduct an assessment? Explain why or why not?
Yes, she is demonstrating normal language development. Her articulation skills may be an area of concern. Let's take look at the developmental norms for her age.
https://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/45/
Name the story elements that make up a complete episode.
Character, setting, initiating event, internal response, plan, attempt, Direct consequence
Define language disorder
1. Any difficulty with the production or reception of linguistic units, regardless of environment, which may range from total absence of speech to minor variance with syntax.
2. Inability or limited ability to utilize linguistic symbols for communication
3. Any interference with the ability to communicate effectively in any community as dictated by the norms of that community
What is syntax?
Syntax- sets of rules that govern how words are to be sequenced in utterances and how the words in an utterance are related.
Other definitions:
The study of meaning in language, includes the relations between language, thought, and behavior.
The study of meanings of speech forms, especially of the development and changes in meanings of words and word group.
Indicate whether the parents’ concerns are related to speech or language.
My child is unable to answer my questions appropriately when I ask her a “what” question she gives me a “where” or “who” answer____________________________
Language
Choose the correct area of language associated with the therapy goal below
When presented with an orally read story, Mike will use conjunctions (and, but, or) to formulate complex sentences.
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics
Morphology
Phonology
Syntax
Shantel is five year old, Kindergarten student at Paw Patrol Elementary. This is her first time in school. Prior to kindergarten, Shantel stayed home in the care of her grandmother. Her teacher Mr. Ryder is concerned that Shantel may have communication or learning difficulties. When given classroom instructions, Shantel requires prompting to follow directions. She is unable to identify her letters, numbers, and shapes. You decide to perform a speech-language screener to determine if an evaluation is warranted. You conducted a screener, and you noted the following
Shantel can…
Use age-appropriate speech sounds
Understands complex sentences (i.e. “While walking home, Nancy saw a dog with white spots”)
Uses possessive pronouns (hers, his) (i.e. “This is her picture. This is ___”)
Formulates meaningful, grammatically correct questions in response to picture stimuli. (i.e. “What should she ask her mother?”)
Uses modifying noun phrases (i.e. “Tell me which car to point to”)
Names categories (i.e. “cereal, oranges, mashed potatoes, pizza. These are all …”
Shantel demonstrated difficulty
Pointing to letters
Based on the teacher's concerns what area of language does she seem to have difficulty within the classroom?
Based on your screening results, is Shantel demonstrating normal language development? Why or why not?
What recommendation might you give the teacher and care givers?
The teacher's concern appears to be receptive language difficulties. Shantel's difficulties appear to be academic and may be a result of lack of exposure. The school team should begin RTI to help Shantel catch up with peers or determine if academic testing is needed.
Shantel's language appears to be typically developing. She does not demonstrate difficulty in the following areas; syntax, semantics, morphology, or phonology.
Listen to Felik at 19 months
What pragmatic function(s) is he using his words for?
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/my-drive
Requesting
Define Speech Disorder
1. Any deviation of speech outside of the range of acceptable variation in a given environment.
2. Interruption in the production of voice, phoneme, or rhythm
What is morphology?
Morphology- rules for deriving various word forms and the rules for using grammatical markers or inflections
Other definition
The study of how morphemes are put together to form words;
Indicate whether the parents’ concerns are related to speech or language.
Speech
Choose the correct area of language associated with the therapy goal below
When presented with objects or pictures, Kaden will label nouns using the correct regular/irregular plurals.
Semantics
Syntax
Pragmatics
Morphology
Phonology
Morphology
Maria had been doing well in second grade until her bike accident. While riding without a helmet one day, she was struck by a car. She spent 3 days in a coma, and when she first emerged from it, she didn’t speak at all. After several weeks in the hospital, where she received physical, occupational, and speech therapy, she was able to go home. She spent several months out of school, receiving home tutoring and more therapy. She returned to school the next year, by which time she had recovered her speech but still had some problems with her gait and fine motor skills. She continued to see the occupational and physical therapists but was thought to be doing all right with her language. She seemed quiet and never caused any trouble. On the playground, she kept to herself and didn’t get involved in what the other children were doing. She was meek and somewhat shy, but always eager to please the teacher. She seemed to have regressed somewhat in her reading, which was above grade level before the accident, but she managed to follow the simple, repetitive material used in the reading program in her second-grade class, which she was repeating because she’d missed so much time the previous year. When she spoke, her sentences were short, but that seemed to be more because of her shyness than anything else. When she got to third grade, though, she suddenly ran into trouble. She couldn’t follow directions. She couldn’t seem to answer the questions the teacher posed for class discussion. She was unable to read the books used for social studies and science. She began to withdraw, sometimes going for days without saying a word. She complained of stomach aches and often asked to spend time in the nurse’s office. The nurse called her family to discuss the problem. They said that Maria had started saying she was “dumb” and didn’t want to go to school because she was too “stupid.” They reported being very upset to find her crying in bed on school nights. The school nurse suggested to Maria’s teacher that Maria be referred for an evaluation of special educational needs.
What is your hypothesized diagnosis?
Maria may have a specific learning disability/language learning disability.
Analyze macro and micro structure of the Naomi's mini language sample
The three little pigs were there.
The first pig made a straw house.
The second pig made a house from sticks.
The third pig made his house with bricks.
The end.
Naomi demonstrates the ability to retell the story, including the character and sequenced actions. She demonstrates difficulty including details in her narrative. She did not include the setting, feelings, initiating event, plan, and conclusion/resolution.
In regards to microstructure, Naomi is able to use elaborated noun phrases such as, "three little pigs and straw house. She demonstrates difficulty using temporal/sequential words to sequence the story. She demonstrates difficulty formulating complex sentences. etc..
You are in a meeting with a parent and they are confused about the difference between a speech and language disorder. 1) explain the difference between a speech and language 2) provide the parent an example of possible difficulties associated with a speech disorder and possible difficulties associated with a language disorder
Language is what we speak, write, read, and understand. Language is also communicating through gestures (body language or sign language). There are two distinct areas of language: receptive (what we hear and understand from others’ speech or gestures) and expressive (the words we use to create messages others will understand).
Example:
Speech is how we say sounds and words. It is the sound that comes out of our mouth and take shape in the form of word. When we have trouble saying sounds, stutter when we speak, or have voice problems, we have a speech disorder.
Example:
What is Pragmatics?
Pragmatics- the communicative or social functions of language
Set of rules governing the use of language in contexts
The study of linguistic acts in the context in which they are performed
*An easier way to remember pragmatics is that pragmatic is the social use of language. Another name for pragmatics is social communication.
Indicate whether the parents’ concerns are related to speech or language.
Language
Choose the correct area of language associated with the therapy goal below
Shayla will circle the two words that rhyme, when presented in a field of 4-5 words, with 90% accuracy.
Semantic
Syntax
Pragmatics
Morphology
Phonology
Phonology
Let's take a brief look at this video .
Assess their speech and language skills.
Are the 3-year-old twins typically developing? Why or why not
Yes, they seem to have great language skills. However, I hear some articulation and phonological difficulties. Speech at the age of three should be 75% intelligible
https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/speech-sound-disorders/
Review the following mini-language sample. Describe Skyler’s language skills. What type of words/word combinations is she producing
Doggie runned away.
More juice please.
Baby up.
Juice all-gone.
Johnny painting doggie.
Skyler is producing a variety of 2-3 word combinations. She is combining words to express, recurrence (e.g., more juice please"), locative action (baby up), disappearance (juice all-gone), and action (johnny painting doggie).