Pathophysiology & Compensation
The force that the heart muscle must generate to eject blood from the filled heart
What is Afterload?
Diuretics are often adjusted based on daily measurements of these two factors.
What is Daily Weights and I&O?
These clinical manifestations is indicative of left sided heart failure. (Please name at least 3)
What is cough, shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and crackles?
This occurs in response to the increased demands on the heart to supply oxygen rich blood to the vital organs.
What is tachycardia?
Teaching examples of these are fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains, lean meats, beans and unsalted nuts, fresh herbs and seasoning, foods made from scratch.
What are low sodium foods?
This term describes a clinical syndrome that results from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood.
What is Heart Failure (HF)?
This term is used to describe edema that is primarily localized to the lips, mouth, tongue, and face caused by the usage of ACE Inhibitors.
What is Angioedema?
Shortness of breath, fatigue, and decreased exercise tolerance.
What is American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Stage C?
This happens to the heart muscle as workload on the ventricles increases.
What is ventricular hypertrophy?
The best time of day to weigh a client with Heart Failure (HF).
What is in the morning, after the patient has urinated?
Function of preload, afterload, and myocardial contractility
What is Stroke Volume (SV)?
Name a medication that blocks the adverse effects of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
What is Metoprolol (beta-blocker)?
An ejection fraction (EF) of 55% is indicative of which kind of heart failure?
What is diastolic heart failure?
The release of this hormone causes an increase in retention of water and sodium.
What is aldosterone?
Clients with edema to the B/L LE should be instructed to avoid this activity.
What is standing for long periods of time?
A decrease in renal perfusion due to low CO and vasoconstriction then causes the release of this enzyme by the kidneys.
What is Renin?
This electrolyte imbalance potentiates the effects of digitalis toxicity.
What is Hypokalemia?
This clinical manifestation is an indication the client is in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.
What is a productive cough with pink, frothy sputum?
Describe the effects of natriuretic peptides (NPs) on the central nervous system (CNS).
What is inhibition of secretion of vasopressin and the function of the salt appetite and thirst center?
A client with left sided heart failure develops crackles and shortness of breath (SOB). Name the priority nursing intervention at this time.
What is call the doctor to obtain a prescription to administer furosemide?
The term used to describe myocardial contractility.
What is inotropy?
This medication(s) should be held with lab results showing BUN 35, Creatinine 3.7.
What is loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors?
Sudden onset of breathlessness and a sense of suffocation.
What is pulmonary edema?
This mechanism causes direct stimulation of HR and cardiac contractility, regulation of vascular tone, and enhancement of renal sodium and water retention.
What is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response?
The primary nursing diagnoses that can be used for a client experiencing heart failure.
What is "Decreased cardiac output"?