Theories of Development
The following evidence is an example of which type of language theory?
- Deaf babies babble
-Grammar rules not directly taught
-Children follow a sequence of milestones
A. Cognitive Theory
B. Nativist/Generative view
C. Constructionist/Interactionist View
D. Behavioral Theory
B. Nativist/Generative View (Chomsky)
The diaphragm contracts, and then the abdomen and chest expand during which phase of respiration?
A. Inhalation
B. Exhalation
C. Both
D. Neither
A.Inhalation
Identify the phoneme below based on the following distinctive features:
+voice, +labiodental, +fricative
A. /f/
B. /v/
C. /s/
D. A and B
E. All of the above
B. /v/
Alex's mom notices that Alex is making mistakes on specific speech sounds while talking. She identifies that he is unable to correctly pronounce "K, M and G". Alex is 5 years old. What should Alex's mom do next?
A. Seek an SLP to complete testing
B. Nothing, this is normal for his age
C. Practice those sounds over and over
D. None of the above
A. Seek an SLP to complete testing
Amplitude is perceptually related to the intensity of a sounds as frequency is perceptually related to the ____of a sound.
A. Pitch
B. Period
C. Elasticity
D. Harmonics
E. None of the above
A. Pitch
A. Semantic Theory
B. Behavioral Theory
C. Social Interactionism
D. Cognitive Theory
B. Behavioral Theory (Skinner)
Which air filled cavities can air pass through during phonation?
pharynx
nasopharynx
nasal cavity
oral cavity
Identify the phoneme below based on the following distinctive features:
+voiceless, +alveolar, +stop
A. /s/
B. /d/
C. /t/
D. /p/
e. All of the above
C. /t/
Speech errors that exhibit a systematic error after formal and informal testing are most likely linked to a disorder of what kind?
A. Articualtion Disorder
B. Phonological Processes
C. Language Disorder
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
B. Phonological Processes
The lowest pure tone component of a sound is also called the sound's ______
A. Harmonic
B. Amplitude
C. Fundamental Frequency
D. B and C
e. None of the above
C. Fundamental Frequency
An investigator found that children of wealthy parents talk earlier and develop more extensive vocabularies than do children of poor families. Which of the following probably is a true statement?
A. An impoverished environment causes language delay
B. Children of poor families are at risk for language delay
C. Language can only be learned in a socially rich environment
D. Language development is directly related to environment
E. Language development is related to social and environmental factors
E. Language development is related to social and environmental factors
Loudness is related to
A. The intensity of the sound
B. The quality of the sound
C. the frequency of vibration
A. The intensity of the sound
The quality of the sound (quality)
C. the frequency of vibration (pitch)
Which distinctive feature is produced by complete vocal tract closure and then a sudden release of construction?
A. Fricative
B. Stop
C. Affricate
D. liquid
E. None of the above
B. Stop
The O in SODA errors of articulation stands for which of the following?
A. Ordinary errors
B. Omissions errors
C. Occlusion errors
D. Occasional errors
B. Omissions errors
Which of the following is the acoustic speech parameter that most often serves to the identification of place of articulation for all classes of consonants?
A. Voice onset time
B. F0 transition
C. F1 transition
D. F 2 transition
D. F2 transition
F2 or second formant transition is always present for all classes of consonants. It serves to provide cues for place of articulation, so (D) is the correct answer. Voice onset time can provide cues for place for stop plosives only, so (A) is incorrect. F0 transition and F1 transition are not present in all consonants, so (B) and (C) are incorrect.
According to learning theory, if a child refuses to cooperate in a picture-naming drill activity, the most appropriate way strategy for the speech-language pathologist to gain cooperation is to:
engage the child in play activities with the child for the first few minutes
A. utilize a set of pictures representing interesting, complex activities
B. engage the child in play activities with the child for the first few minutes
C. reward the child for for picture naming that reinforces the desired behavior
D. penalize the child for not producing the desired behavior
B. engage the child in play activities with the child for the first few minutes
list the 6 articulators
1. lips
2. teeth
3. soft palate/velum
4. tongue
5. hard palate
6. alveolar ridge
Which of the following is characterized as a high front vowel in the English Language?
A. /u/
B. /o/
C. /i/
D. /e/
E. All of the above
C. /i/
The articulation of a 6-year-old child was evaluated before and after several months of intervention using the same test instrument. Thirty-two fewer errors were made in the second evaluation. Which of the following is the most appropriate conclusion that can be drawn from this information?
A. The child received the training most appropriate for the articulation problem.
B. The articulation gains observed probably would have occurred in the absence of training.
C. The improvement observed probably stemmed from test-taking experience.
D. The child's articulation has improved.
D. The child's articulation has improved.
F0 is determined by:
A. Cricothyroid (CT) muscle contraction
B. Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle contraction
C. Subglottal pressure
D. Extrinsic muscle activity for articulatory functions
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
An 8-year-old child with a diagnosis of cognitive disability, language delay, and no expressive speech is evaluated at a clinic. Observation and test results indicate that the child is functioning at approximately stage IV of Piaget's sensorimotor development. The child's hearing is intact. Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention goal for this child?
A. Introduce an electronic communication device with speech output to provide the child with a means of communication with peers and others.
B. Develop a core of formal signs to be used for expressive communication.
C. Develop the child's ability to comprehend single words of referents in the child's environment through combining speech, gesture, and objects.
D. Introduce a picture language board to be used for a beginning communication system.
C. Develop the child's ability to comprehend single words of referents in the child's environment through combining speech, gesture, and objects.
The focus of intervention in this case should be on developing language skills, and the procedure described in (C) is an appropriate place to start, given the child s cognitive level, so (C) is the correct answer. (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect because the procedures described typically require that the client be at least at stage V of Paget s sensorimotor development, and so would be inappropriate for this client.
infants begin to send intentional purposeful messages vi communication means such as babbling and gesturing at about what age?
a. 3 months
b. 6 months
c. 10 months
d. 2 years
c. 10 months
in the word "make" the first vowel sounds is which of the following diphthongs?
A. /ai/
B. /ei/
C/ aʊ/
D. /eə/
E. None of the above
B. /ei/
Which of the following sets of phonemes is most likely to be misarticulated by a school-age child with a mild high frequency (4000-8000hz) bilateral hearing loss?
A. /d3/ , /3/
B. /m/ , /b/
C. /i/ , /o/
D. /t/ , /d/
E. /s/ , /z/
Notice how your skill of application, that is, your knowledge of information concerning high frequency sounds, is applied. Yes, the correct answer is (E)
contractible auxiliary is demonstrated in which of the following sentences:
A. Daddy's jumping up and down
b. It's hot in the summer
c. Are you going
d. none of the above
A. Daddy's jumping up and down
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