Bones
What are the three bones of the sternum in order from superior to inferior?
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process
What are the three types of joints and provide examples of where they are found?
2. Cartilaginous (e.g. pubic bones, vertebral column)
3. Synovial (e.g. Knee, hip, elbow)
Name the calf muscle that is superficial.
Gastrocnemius
What are the six types of bones with an example?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
Sesamoid Bones
Sutural bonjes
Locate the talus and calcaneous on the skeleton.
Skeleton
What does synovial fluid do and what structure produces it?
Lubrication of the joint; cushions the joint; removes waste; provides nutrition to the cartilage.
Synovial membrane produces it.
Outline the four functions of the skeletal system.
1. Movement
2. Posture maintenance
3. Joint stability
4. Heat generation
What are the two connective tissues that provide support to synovial joints?
Tendons and ligaments
What are the four functions of the skeletal system?
1. Body movement
2. Support & protection
3. Mineral storage
4. Production of blood cells
Describe the minisci/meniscus.
The meniscus is a piece of cartilage that provides a cushion between your femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone). There are two menisci in each knee joint. They can be damaged or torn during activities that put pressure on or rotate the knee join.
What muscle originates at the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, all lumber vertebrae, sacrum , ilium, lower 3-4 ribs, and inserts at the proximal end of the humerus?
Latissimus dorsi
Adducts arms and draws shoulders backward and downward.
Describe the three types of muscles.
Skeletal: attaches bones to tendons; voluntary; can fatigue easily.
Smooth: walls of organs; slow, rhythmic contractions.
Cardiac: found at the heart; involuntary; difficult to fatigue.
On a skeleton, locate the coronoid fossa or the olecranon fossa.
Show on skeleton.
Coronoid fossa is at the distal and anterior end of the humerus.
Olecranon fossa is at the distal and posterior end of the humerus.
Label an image of a synovial joint.
(picture from workbook)
Picture form workbook
Name and point to the four key muscles of the quadriceps.
- Rectus femoris (O: Ilium, I: patella)
- Vastus lateralis (O: femur, I patella)
- Vastus medialis (O: femur, I patella)
- Sartorius (O: illium, I: medial side of the tibia)
During a back extension, what muscles act as agonists and antagonists?
Agonists are the erector spinae group.
Antagonist are the rectus abdominus.
Describe the structure of a long bone.
Ensure you include the following words:
- Diaphysis
- Epiphysis
- Red marrow and yellow marrow
- Epiphysis are the two ends in which are filled with red bone marrow.
- Diaphysis is the shaft which is filled with yellow ben marrow.
2. Pivot Joint (e.g. between atlas and axis)
3. Condyloid or ellipsoid joint (e.g. between carpals and radius)
4. Gliding Joint (e.g. between carpals)
5. Saddle Joint (e.g. between carpal and metacarpals of thumb)
6. Ball and Socket (e.g. shoulder)
What two muscles act as agonists when the knee joint flexes?
- Biceps femoris (O: ischium & femur, I: Fibula & Tibia)
- Semitendonosus: (O: ischium, I: tibia)
The brachialis is the prime mover in a bicep curl. Explain why.
Better mechanical advantage due to:
- lower origin on the humerus,
- attaches to the more rigid ulna.