Types of Cases
An individual in a population who's been identified as having a particular disorder, injury, disease or condition
What is a case?
Direct and indirect transmission are two general ___
What are modes of transmission?
Stopping a disorder or disease before it occurs
What is primary prevention?
Contains, spreads, or harbors and infectious organism
What is a carrier?
A filed of science that studies health problems within specific populations
What is epidemiology?
A standard set of criteria that ensures that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of when or where they were identified and who diagnosed the case
What is case definition?
The immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one individual to another
What is direct transmission?
Requires an individual to produce a change of behavior
What is active primary prevention?
Someone who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism and has done so for some time, even if the person may have previously recovered from the disease
What is an active carrier?
This occurs when victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others, resulting in the spread of disease
What is a mixed epidemic?
The first documented disease case in a population during an epidemic
What is a primary case?
When an agent is transferred or carried by an item, organism, means, or process to a susceptible host, resulting in disease
What is indirect transmission?
Does not require a change of behavior of the individual
What is passive primary prevention?
Someone who harbors a pathogen and although they may be in the recovery phase of the disease, is still infectious
What is a convalescent carrier?
An epidemic affecting or attacking the population of an extensive region, country, or continent, or in our modern day; the world
What is a pandemic?
The individuals who become infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population
What are secondary cases?
Occurs when dust particles or droplets carry the pathogen to the host; causing infection
What is airborne transmission?
Aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
What is secondary prevention?
Someone who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, but has not fallen ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease
What is a healthy carrier? (or passive carrier)
Refers to the ongoing and constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people; what we will be witnessing in our daily lives for at least the next year
What is an endemic?
Someone who has all of the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition, yet has not been diagnosed as having it
What is a suspect case?
When a pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while still within the host vector and before transmission to the new host
What is biological transmission?
The aim of the third level of prevention is to block the progression of a disability, condition, or disorder in order to keep it from advancing
What is tertiary prevention?
Someone who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen AND can spread the disease in different places
What is an intermittent carrier?
Occurs when victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spread the disease, resulting in a propagated outbreak
What is a mixed epidemic?