Modes of Transmission
an infectious agent that is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread
what is direct transmission?
ne who harbors a pathogenic organism for a clinically significant time and is able to pass the infection to others
what is an active carrier?
aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs
what is primary prevention?
occurrence of more cases of disease than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time
what is an outbreak?
objects or materials which are likely to carry infection
what is fomite?
spread of an infectious agent caused by the dissemination of droplet nuclei
what is airborne transmission?
one who is contaminated with the pathogen and can mechanically transmit it to another host; however, is not infected.
what is a passive carrier?
measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease
what is secondary prevention?
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
what is an epidemic?
diseases spread by infected insects or ticks
what is a vector?
infections transmitted by the bite of infected arthropod species
what is vector-borne transmission?
one who has recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others
what is a convalescent carrier?
a person is not actively involved in preventing disease
what is passive primary prevention?
when an infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external input
what is an endemic?
present if the pathogen repeatedly appears in such a nonmaintenance target population
what is a reservoir?
process during which the pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host to another host by inanimate intermediary vehicle objects
what is vehicle-borne transmission?
one who can transmit the agent during the period of infectious time before clinical illness begins
what is a incubatory carrier?
a person being personally involved in preventing disease
what is active primary prevention?
occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population
what is a pandemic?
caused by germs that spread between animals and people
what is zoonis?
when the vector uptakes the agent, usually through a blood meal from an infected animal, replicates and/or develops it, and then regurgitates the pathogen onto or injects it into a susceptible animal
what is biological transmission?
one who has been exposed to and harbor a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals
what is an intermittent carrier?
focuses on people who are already affected by a disease
what is tertiary prevention?
shows characteristics of both common source and propagated epidemics
what is a mixed epidemic?
pathogens from things such as water, food, and air
what is a vehicle?