Abuse & Neglect
The best indicator of future violence
A past history of violence behavior
When does disability occur?
When physical or mental health declines associated with aging, illness, or injury restrict ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLS).
What is sexual orientation?
Refers to an individual’s pattern of physical and emotional arousal toward other persons. People do not choose their sexual orientation—it is simply part of who they are.
What is a genogram?
A genogram is a graphic representation of a family tree that displays the interaction of generations within a family. It goes beyond a traditional family tree by allowing the user to analyze family, emotional, and social relationships within a group. It is used to identify repetitive patterns of behavior and to recognize hereditary tendencies.
When does psychosocial stress occur?
Psychosocial stress results when there is a perceived threat (real or imagined).
Name and explain the various forms of abuse and neglect
-Physical abuse: infliction of physical injury
-Sexual abuse: inappropriate exposure or sexual contact, activity, or behavior without consent
-Psychological abuse: emotional/verbal/mental injury
-Neglect: failing to meet physical,emotional, or other needs
What are the six ethnic and racial categories that the U.S. Census recognizes?
-White American
-American Indian and Alaska Native
-Asian
-African American
-Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
-People of two or more races
What occurs during the transition phase of individuals life?
A time when individuals begin living as the gender with which they identify rather than the gender they were assigned at birth, which often includes changing one’s first name and dressing and grooming differently
What is a mental health examination?
A mental status examination is a structured way of observing and describing a client’s current state of mind under the domains of appearance, attitude, behavior, mood and affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, insight, and judgment.
What are the five basic institutions that exist in society?
-Family
-Religion
-government
-education
-economics
What are static and dynamic factors?
Static risk factors: factors that cannot be changed by interventions such as past history of violent behavior or demographic information.
Dynamic risk factors: factors that can be changed by interventions such as change in living situation, treatment of psychiatric symptoms, abstaining from drug and alcohol use, access to weapons, and so on.
What is the relationship between disability and poverty, and vice versa?
Poverty can lead to malnutrition, poor or no health services, and/or unsafe living conditions that can result in increased risk for disability. Disability can also result in the loss of income and a greater likelihood of living in poverty.
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its importance to social work?
Principles germane to the alleviation of oppression and injustice. Social workers must help people to influence their own governments to consider human rights issues in foreign relations.
What is a biopsychosocial-spiritual- cultural history?
A tool that provides information on the current/presenting issue or issues; a client’s past and present physical health, including developmental milestones; a client’s emotional functioning; educational or vocational background; cultural issues; spiritual and religious beliefs; environmental issues; and social functioning. Each issue may be reviewed for its relationship and/or impact with the presenting issue.
What are some risk factors for being a perpetrator of violence?
-Stressors: history of abuse; isolated with lack of social supports; low sense of self-competence and self-esteem; financial problems
-Poor skills: rigid, authoritarian; low intelligence quotient (IQ); poor self-control; poor communication, problem-solving, and interpersonal skills
- Family issues: marital discord, imbalanced relationship with marital partner (dominant or noninvolved); domestic violence; substance abuse
What are the five interventions that can be used to reduce dynamic risk factors?
-Pharmacological interventions (Antabuse for alcohol)
-Substance use treatment
-Psychological interventions ( Like CBT)
-Removal of weapons
-Increased level of supervision
What is positivist philosophy with relation to crime prevention?
Also known as pro-treatment philosophy, this suggests that some instances of behavior are determined by factors such as mental health that offenders find difficult to control. Therefore, treatment becomes a means of preventing future criminal behaviors.
What is stratification?
Structured inequality of entire categories of people who have unequal access to social rewards (e.g., ethnic stratification, social stratification)
What is the difference between co-occuring conditions and comorbid conditions?
Co-occuring conditions are present when there are two or more disorders occurring at the same time. In order for a disorder or condition to be co-occurring, it must be independent and not symptomatology resulting from the other disorder(s)/condition(s). An example is having depression and a heart condition. Comorbid: existing with or at the same time; for instance, having two different illnesses at the same time. These two conditions exacerbate each other. For example having anxiety and self medicating with alcohol.
What are some signs of cocaine use?
dilated pupils; hyperactivity; euphoria; irritability; anxiety; excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping at odd times; may go long periods of time without eating or sleeping; weight loss; dry mouth and nose.
Factors influencing the effect of sexual abuse include:
-Age if victim at time of abuse and time of assessment
-Extent and Duration of sexual abuse
-relationship of offender to victim
-Reaction of others to the abuse
-Other life experiences
Describe discrimination on the institutional level.
Institutionalized discrimination refers to policies or practices that discriminate against a group of people based on these characteristics (achievement gaps in education, residential segregation, etc.).
What is pluralism?
A society in which diverse members maintain their own traditions while cooperatively working together and seeing others’ traits as valuable (cultural pluralism—respecting and encouraging cultural difference)
What is organic brain syndrome and its most common symptoms?
Organic brain syndrome is a term used to describe physical disorders that impair mental function. The most common symptoms are confusion; impairment of memory, judgment, and intellectual function; and agitation.
What are the effects of discrimination on the micro and macro level?
Exposure to discrimination is linked to anxiety and depression as well as other mental health and behavioral problems. In addition, there may be physical effects such as diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. These health problems may be caused by not maintaining healthy behaviors (such as physical activity) or engaging in unhealthy ones (such as smoking and alcohol or drug abuse).
On a macro level, discrimination also restricts access to the resources and systems needed for good health, education, employment, social support, and participation in sports, cultural, and civic activities. Discrimination and intolerance can also create a climate of despondence, apprehension, and fear within a community. The social and economic effects of discrimination on one generation may flow on to affect future generations, which can lead to cycles of poverty and disadvantage through those generations.