Measuring Juvenile Crime
This official measure of crime is compiled annually by the FBI and consists of crime statistics reported by police agencies across the U.S.
Uniform Crime Reports
Most juveniles do not persist in delinquency. However, those in the group that do persist go on to commit a disproportionate amount of crime. These offenders are called...
serious or habitual delinquents
Taylor & Fritsch included several interesting facts about juveniles victimization that came from one of the youth surveys mentioned in the Self-report Statistics and Measures section of the chapter. This self-report survey is...
Denver Youth Survey
Low IQ, male, second or later-born in large family, and children of substance abusers are considered risk factors in the ______ category/group of risk factors.
biology/genetics
Positive school climate, schools actively seek to enroll student in college, school is achievement oriented are protective factors is which category/group of protective factors?
educational protective factors
This characterizes the way in which the number of cases processed through the juvenile justice system decreases at each successive step
the funnel effect
Juvenile crime has decreased substantially over the last 30 years. The argument that increased punishment accounted for some of the decrease-- the most criminal kids are incarcerated, sentences are longer, waivers increase, etc--is referred to as....
the punitive juvenile justice explanation
About what percent of youths from 1987-1991 were victims of serious violent offenses?
A. 5
B. 10
C. 25
C. About 25%
frequent alcohol use, binge drinking, daily cigarettes use, frequent use of illicit drugs are risk factors in which category/group of risk factors?
Good coping skills, independent thinking, sense of well-being and internal locus of control are protective factors in which category/group of protective factors?
personality
This is the phrase used to describe the number of crimes committed but undiscovered or unreported
the dark figure of crime
Juvenile crime has decreased substantially over the past 30 years. The argument that trends are cyclical, and a spike in crime is often followed by a corresponding drop in crime, is referred to as...
the regression to the mean explanation.
Over ___ of the youths were chronic multiple victims, meaning they were victims of more than one crime, or offense, during the year.
A. 1/4
B. 1/2
C. 2/3
C. 2/3
Parental absence or rejection, low parental monitoring, easy access to guns at home, parent has drug or alcohol problem are risk factors in which category/group of risk factors?
family risk factors
being female, first born, high IQ, no acquired handicaps are protective factors in which category/group of protective factors?
biological and genetic
This measurement of crime tends to show a more realistic picture of crime committed annually, but drawbacks are that the head of household completes it (so it may underestimate juvenile crime), recall or interpretations could be problematic, and the offender is often unknown (so it's hard to know how often offenders are juveniles)
National Crime Victimization Survey
Juvenile crime has declined in the past 30 years. The argument that changes in policing that include more positive involvement with juveniles contributed to this crime decline is called...
the community policing/community justice explanation
Less than ______ of crimes against juveniles are ever reported.
A. 1/4
B. 1/2
C. 2/3
B. 1/2
Early and persistent antisocial behavior, low involvement in music, school, community organizations or church, and violence and aggression are risk factors in which category/group of risk factors?
behavior and lifestyle
The Denver Youth Survey found that the best predictors of success (avoiding delinquency) were...
having conventional friends, having a stable family and good parental monitoring, having positive expectations for the future, and not having delinquent peers.
The rule used in collecting data for the UCR that states only the most serious crime in any one criminal event will be countered.
the hierarchy rule
Juvenile crime has decreased in the past 30 years. Some argue that gangs, drugs, guns and violence have gotten such bad press and attention that kids aren't infatuated with them anymore. This argument is referred as the..
society has changed its values explanation
The delinquent behavior of the victims friends; the victim's own delinquent behavior; being male; and frequency of alcohol use are...
the best predictors of youth victimization
lack of community resources for activities and sports, extreme economic and social deprivation, easy availability of firearms, and easy availability of drugs are risk factors in which category/group of risk factors?
ecological
It is not any one risk or protective actors that determines delinquency. Rather, it is the __________ effect of risk or non risk behavior, background and attitude.
cumulative