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MCQ

100

In the context of Russia, which group was the supporter of women’s Suffragette Movements? 

a) radicals B) conservatives 

radicals

200

Who started ‘Collectivization Programme’ in Russia? 

A) Stalin B) Lenin

A) Stalin 

300

At the beginning of the 20 th century, where did the vast majority of Russian people worked?

a) agricultural sector b) industrial sector

a) agricultural sector

400

what was ‘Kolkhoz’?

a)  collective farms  B) independent farms 

collective farms

500

What were the Muslim reformers within the Russian Empire called? 

A) jadidists B) socialists 

A) jadidists 

1 marks

100

Who was Karl Marx?

Karl Marx was a philosopher who favoured socialism. He believed that to free themselves from capitalist exploitation, workers had to construct a radically socialist society, where all the properties were socially controlled.

200

What was the basic idea of a communist society?

All properties should be socially controlled

300

Who was ruling over Russia when the Russian Revolution took place?

Tsar Nicholas II

400

What was Duma?

Russian parliament 

500

What was the wealthy farmers in Russia known as ?

Kulaks

2 marks

100

What was  the Russian Revolution ?

The fall of monarchy in February 1917, and the events of October.

200

What was the Bloody Sunday ?

It was an incident in which more than 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. These workers were attacked by the police in 1905 when they reached the winter palace.

300

Why is 22nd,February celebrated as the International Women’s day?

Because on this day. women workers of Russia led a huge strike in the factories.

400

What was Bolsheviks? What was the Mensheviks ?

t was a socialist party of Russia which was led by Lenin. It was a break away group of Bolsheviks. It was also a socialist party like that of Bolshevik.

500

Who were liberals?

• Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions.
• Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments.
• They argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials.
• However, they were not ‘democrats’. They did not believe in universal adult franchise, that is, the right of every citizen to vote. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote.
• They also did not want the vote for women.

3 marks

100

Explain the economic condition of the workers before the Russian Revolution.

• Most of the industries were the private property of the industrialists. Most of the workers were working for about 10 to 12 hours a day.
• They were paid very low wages.
• The working conditions were also very poor.
• Women workers made up about 31% of the factory labour, but they were paid less than men.

200

What was Lenin’s ’April Theses’?

In 1917, Lenin declared that the war be brought to an end, land be transferred to the peasants, and banks be nationalised. These three demands were Lenin’s ‘April Theses’.

300

Explain any three views of the socialists about private property.

• They were against private property.
• They saw it as the root of all social ills.
• Individuals who owned the property were concerned about personal gain only.

400

Who were the conservatives ?

Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals. 

After the French Revolution, however, even conservatives had opened their minds to the need for change. Earlier, in the eighteenth century, conservatives had been generally opposed to the idea of change. 

By the nineteenth century, they accepted that some change was inevitable but believedthat the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

500

Explain any three reasons which led to civil war between the Bolsheviks and the Russian army of non-Bolsheviks.

• Impact of Land Redistribution Policy on Soldiers: When the Bolsheviks ordered land redistribution, the Russian army began to break up. Soldiers, mostly peasants, wished to go home for the redistribution and deserted.
• Opposition from Greens and Whites: Non-Bolshevik socialists, liberals and supporters of autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising. Their leaders moved to south Russia and organized troops to fight the Bolsheviks (the reds).’ During 1918 and 1919, the greens (Socialist Revolutionaries) and whites (pro-Tsarists) controlled most of the Russian empire.
• Outside Forces: The Greens and Whites were backed by French, American, British and Japanese troops. All these forces were worried at the growth of socialism in Russia.
• Use of Force: In many parts, Bolshevik colonists brutally massacred local nationalists in the name of defending socialism. In this situation, many were confused about what the Bolshevik government represented.

5 marks

300

What was the impact of the 1st world war on Russian industry ? 

The war also had a severe impact on industry. 

Russia’s own industries were few in number and the country was cut off from other suppliers of industrial goods by German control of the Baltic Sea. 

Industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than elsewhere in Europe. 

By 1916, railway lines began to break down. 

Able-bodied men were called up to the war. 

As a result, there were labour shortages and small workshops producing essentials were shut down. Large

Large supplies of grain were sent to feed the army. For the people in the cities, bread and flour became scarce. 

By the winter of 1916, riots at bread shops were common.

400

How did the Bolsheviks make a socialist society after the civil war?

nationalisation

centralised planning

impact of the planning

welfare of the people

500

What was Stalin's collectivisation programme ?

 From 1929, the Party forced all peasants to cultivate in collective farms (kolkhoz).

The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. 

Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared. Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. Between 1929 and 1931, the number of cattle fell by one-third. 

Those who resisted collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported and exiled. As they resisted collectivisation, peasants argued that they were not rich and they were not against socialism. 

They merely did not want to work in collective farms for a variety of reasons. Stalin’s government allowed some independent cultivation, but treated such cultivators unsympathetically.

In spite of collectivisation, production did not increase immediately. In fact, the bad harvests of 1930-1933 led to one of most devastating famines in Soviet history when over 4 million died.