Cell structure
A semipermeable phospholipid bilayer that separates the interior of cells from the outside environment and controls movement into and out of the cell
Cell membrane
Immunity associated with circulating antibodies.
Humoral immune response
A type of lymphocyte, developed in bone marrow, that circulates in the blood and lymph and, upon encountering a particular foreign antigen, differences into a clone of plasma cells that secrete a specific antibody and a clone of memory cells that make the antibody on subsequent encounters.
B cells
Carrier of disease
Vectors
A microorganism capable of producing a disease.
Pathogen
The structure within a cell that contains the chromosomes and is responsible for the cell's metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Nucleus
The ability to protect oneself from pathogens; the immunity you have when you are born.
Innate immune system
A lipopolysaccharide that is part of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria released after the cell's death.
Endotoxins
The relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms.
Virulence
Productive of disease
Pathogenic
Cell organelles of rod or oval shape that contain the enzymes for the aerobic stages of cell respiration and are the site of most ATP synthesis.
Mitochondria
Immune mechanisms that "learn" to deal with specific invaders
Adaptive immune system
A poisonous substance produced by certain bacteria
Exotoxins
Transmitting a pathogenic microorganism from an infected individual to another individual by an arthropod or other agent, sometimes with other animals serving as intermediary hosts.
Vector borne
A substance produced by a B lymphocyte in response to a unique antigen, which it can then combine with to destroy or control it.
Antibodies
Cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzyme capsules used to break down proteins and carbohydrates to aid in intracellular digestion.
Lysosomes
A transmission mechanism in which the infectious agent is spread as an aerosol and usually enters a person through the respiratory tract
Airborne transmission
A monocyte that has left the circulation and settled and matured in a tissue such as the spleen, lymph nodes, alveoli, and tonsils.
Macrophage
Any member of the kingdom Protista; organisms that include the Protozoa, unicellular and multicellular algae, and the slime molds.
Protists
A linear stand made of DNA that carries genetic information (genes)
Chromosomes
Compartment made when cells ingest extracellular material and its contents by invaginating the cell membrane and pinching off.
Pinocytic vesicles
Occurs when microorganisms are transferred from one infected person to another.
Contact transmission
Granular white blood cells responsible for much of the body's protection against infection; they play a primary role in inflammation and are readily attracted to foreign antigens, destroying them by phagocytosis.
Neutrophils
Type of cell division of somatic cells in which each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis
Organism in which the cell nucleus is surrounded by a membrane
Eukaryotes